Microfabricated thermal modulator for comprehensive 2D gas chromatography
A two-dimensional gas chromatography system having first and second separation columns, a thermal modulator disposed between the first and second columns and having a plurality of stage channels, and a micro heater monolithically integrated in the thermal modulator. The thermal modulator is operable to trap and focus gas/vapor species within the plurality of stage channels upon cooling and release the gas/vapor species to the second column upon heating by the micro heater.
1. A two-dimensional gas chromatography system comprising:
first and second columns;
a thermal modulator operably disposed between said first and second columns, said thermal modulator having:
a first micro channel stage operably coupled to said first column at an inlet of said thermal modulator,
a second micro channel stage operably coupled to said second column at an outlet of said thermal modulator,
an interconnection channel operably coupling said first micro channel stage and said second micro channel stage, and
at least one cover member covering and sealing said first micro channel stage and said second micro channel stage;
at least one rim heater operably coupled with said thermal modulator, said at least one rim heater thermal cycling said thermal modulator between a first temperature and a second temperature; and
a rim portion disposed about said first micro channel stage and said second micro channel stage, said rim portion being substantially thermally isolated from said first micro channel stage and said second micro channel stage,
wherein said thermal modulator trapping and focusing gas/vapor species upon said first temperature and releasing said gas/vapor species to said second column upon said second temperature.
2. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 1 wherein said at least one rim heater is operably disposed adjacent to at least one of said inlet and said outlet of said thermal modulator, said at least one rim heater outputting thermal energy to at least one of said inlet and said outlet to inhibit vapor/gas chromatogram broadening.
3. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 1 wherein said thermal modulator further comprises:
a first of said at least one rim heater operably disposed adjacent to said inlet and a second of said at least one rim heater operably disposed adjacent to said outlet, said first rim heater and said second rim heater outputting thermal energy to said inlet and said outlet to inhibit vapor/gas chromatogram broadening.
4. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 1 wherein said interconnection channel defines a length in the range of 0.4 mm to 2.0 mm.
5. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 1 wherein said interconnection channel defines a wall thickness in the range of 1 to 40 μm.
6. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 1 wherein at least one of said first micro channel stage and said second micro channel stage defines a wall thickness in the range of 1 to 40 μm.
7. A two-dimensional gas chromatography system comprising:
first and second columns;
a thermal modulator operably disposed between said first and second columns, said thermal modulator having:
a first micro channel stage operably coupled to said first column at an inlet of said thermal modulator,
a second micro channel stage operably coupled to said second column at an outlet of said thermal modulator,
an interconnection channel operably coupling said first micro channel stage and said second micro channel stage, and
at least one cover member covering and sealing said first micro channel stage and said second micro channel stage;
at least one rim heater operably coupled with said thermal modulator, said at least one rim heater thermal cycling said thermal modulator between a first temperature and a second temperature; and
a cooling unit operably coupled adjacent to said thermal modulator defining an air gap therebetween,
wherein said thermal modulator trapping and focusing gas/vapor species upon said first temperature and releasing said gas/vapor species to said second column upon said second temperature.
8. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 7 wherein said air gap is less than 100 μm.
9. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 7 wherein said air gap is in the range of 22 to 63 μm.
10. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 7 wherein said cooling unit is a solid-state thermoelectric cooler.
11. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 7 wherein said at least one cover member defines a thickness in the range of 1 to 200 μm.
12. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 7 wherein said interconnection channel defines a length in the range of 0.4 mm to 2.0 mm.
13. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 7 wherein said interconnection channel defines a wall thickness in the range of 1 to 40 μm.
14. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 7 wherein at least one of said first micro channel stage and said second micro channel stage defines a wall thickness in the range of 1 to 40 μm.
15. A two-dimensional gas chromatography system comprising:
first and second columns;
a thermal modulator operably disposed between said first and second columns, said thermal modulator having:
a first micro channel stage operably coupled to said first column at an inlet of said thermal modulator,
a second micro channel stage operably coupled to said second column at an outlet of said thermal modulator,
an interconnection channel operably coupling said first micro channel stage and said second micro channel stage, and
at least one cover member covering and sealing said first micro channel stage and said second micro channel stage; and
at least one rim heater operably coupled with said thermal modulator, said at least one rim heater thermal cycling said thermal modulator between a first temperature and a second temperature;
wherein said thermal modulator trapping and focusing gas/vapor species upon said first temperature and releasing said gas/vapor species to said second column upon said second temperature and wherein said at least one heater is disposed on a common substrate with said thermal modulator.
16. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 15 wherein said interconnection channel defines a length in the range of 0.4 mm to 2.0 mm.
17. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 15 wherein said interconnection channel defines a wall thickness in the range of 1 to 40 μm.
18. The two-dimensional gas chromatography system according to claim 15 wherein at least one of said first micro channel stage and said second micro channel stage defines a wall thickness in the range of 1 to 40 μm.