Carbon nanotube coated structure and associated method of fabrication
A coated structure is provided that has a highly concentrated coating of carbon nanotubes so as to provide integrated thermal emissivity, atomic oxygen (AO) shielding and tailorable conductivity to the underlying surface, such as the surface of an aerospace vehicle, a solar array, an aeronautical vehicle or the like. A method of fabricating a coated structure is also provided in which a surface is coated with a coating having a relative high concentration of carbon nanotubes that is configured to provide integrated thermal emissivity, AO shielding and tailorable conductivity to the surface.
1. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle, the external surface comprising:
a substrate having a surface that is exposed to temperature fluctuations at least between −180° C. and 150° C.; and
a coating disposed upon the substrate, wherein the coating consists of: (i) a plurality of carbon nanotubes disposed on the surface of the substrate and (ii) a binder that is laid into the carbon nanotubes that are disposed on the surface of the substrate, wherein the binder is formed of silicon dioxide or indium tin oxide that is laid into the carbon nanotubes following disposition of the carbon nanotubes on the surface of the substrate, and wherein the carbon nanotubes comprise at least 50% by volume of the coating, wherein the coating is structured to have a tailorable conductivity up to 5e10 Ω/square while exposed to temperature fluctuations at least between −180° C. and 150° C., wherein the coating is also structured to provide an integrated thermal emissivity to the surface, and wherein the coating has a thickness between 0.5 microns and 2 microns to provide atomic oxygen (AO) shielding.
2. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle according to claim 1 wherein the surface is configured to be exposed to temperature fluctuations between −200° C. and 200° C.
3. A coated structure according to claim 1 wherein the surface comprises a rear surface of a solar array.
4. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle according to claim 1 wherein the coating is configured to provide a thermal emissivity of at least 0.9.
5. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle according to claim 1 wherein the coating is configured to provide a conductivity of between 1 Ω/square and 5e10 Ω/square.
6. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle according to claim 1 wherein the coating is configured to provide AO shielding for at least 30 days in a low earth orbit (LEO).
7. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle, the external surface comprising:
a substrate having a surface that is configured to be exposed to temperature fluctuations between −180° C. and 150° C.;
a coating disposed upon the substrate, wherein the coating consists of: (i) a plurality of carbon nanotubes disposed on the surface of the substrate and (ii) a binder that is laid into the carbon nanotubes that are disposed on the surface of the substrate, wherein the binder is formed of silicon dioxide or indium tin oxide that is laid into the carbon nanotubes following disposition of the carbon nanotubes on the surface of the substrate, and wherein the carbon nanotubes comprise at least 50% by volume of the coating, wherein the coating is structured to provide a thermal emissivity of at least 0.9, and a tailorable conductivity up to 5e10 Ω/square while exposed to temperature fluctuations at least between −180° C. and 150° C., and wherein the coating has a thickness between 0.5 microns and 2 microns to provide atomic oxygen (AO) shielding.
8. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle according to claim 7 wherein the surface of the at least one aerospace vehicle or aeronautical vehicle is configured to be exposed to temperature fluctuations between −200° C. and 200° C.
9. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle according to claim 7 wherein the surface comprises at least one of a rear surface of a solar array or an externally facing surface of at least one of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle.
10. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle according to claim 7 wherein the coating comprises at least 80% by volume of carbon nanotubes.
11. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle according to claim 7 wherein the coating is configured to provide a conductivity of between 1 Ω/square and 400 Ω/square.
12. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle according to claim 7 wherein the coating is configured to provide AO shielding for at least 30 days in a low earth orbit (LEO).
13. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle according to claim 1 wherein the coating comprises at least 80% by volume of carbon nanotubes.
14. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle according to claim 1 wherein the coating comprises at least 90% by volume of carbon nanotubes.
15. An external surface of an aerospace vehicle or an aeronautical vehicle according to claim 7 wherein the coating comprises at least 90% by volume of carbon nanotubes.