Method of manufacturing a reinforcement element for a flexible pipeline
For use in the manufacture of reinforcement layers for flexible pipes which are capable of absorbing compressive or tensile forces, and which are used for the transport of oil and gas, a thermoplastic material is applied to a strength-imparting layer. The strength-imparting layers are reeled on reels, and following unreeling, are laminated by application of heat and in direct continuation applied to the pipe. The strength-imparting layer includes a polymer reinforced with at least 20% by volume of fibers. The thermoplastic is of a reversible type (it may change from being relatively soft, but non-sticky to being sticky by changes in temperature). The method allows manufacture of very strong reinforcements for flexible pipes which cannot be manufactured using solid material, e.g., steel, since high performing bending forces are required in shaping. A reinforcement element is provided which is capable of resisting instantaneous shock loads as the thermoplastic material is protective.
1. A flexible unbonded pipe comprising a liner and at least one layer of tensile reinforcement profiles helically wound around the liner, wherein the at least one tensile reinforcement profile comprises a tape shaped reinforcement element, which element is a composite layer comprising two or more strength-imparting non-thermoplastic, superimposed layers, fixed to each other by intermediate layer or layers of thermoplastic material provided on adjoining faces of the strength-imparting layers.
2. A flexible unbonded pipe according to claim 1 wherein the reinforcement element comprises an energy-dissipating layer applied to at least one of the outer surfaces of the reinforcement element.
3. A flexible unbonded pipe according to claim 2 wherein the energy-dissipating layer is of a polymeric material comprising epoxy polymer.
4. A flexible unbonded pipe according to claim 1 wherein the strength-imparting layers are in the form of a polymer reinforced with at least 20% by volume of fibers or whiskers.
5. A flexible unbonded pipe according to claim 4 wherein said fibers are carbon fibers, said fibers are reinforcement fibers.
6. A flexible unbonded pipe according to claim 1 wherein the strength-imparting layers are in the form of a fully or partly metallic material.
7. A flexible unbonded pipe according to claim 1 wherein the strength-imparting layers are of steel, aluminium or composite material comprising metal.
8. A flexible unbonded pipe according to claim 1 wherein the layer of tensile reinforcement profiles is not bonded to the liner.
9. A flexible unbonded pipe according to claim 1 wherein the flexible unbonded pipe comprises a carcass.