Protease assay
The present invention provides a diagnostic reagent or assay for assessing the activity of a protease in vivo or in vitro and methods of detecting the presence of a cancerous or precancerous cell. The assays are comprised of two particles linked via an oligopeptide linkage that comprises a consensus sequence specific for the target protease. Cleavage of the sequence by the target protease can be detected visually or using various sensors, and the diagnostic results can be correlated with cancer prognosis.
1. A nanoplatform assembly for detecting protease activity comprising:
a first particle, wherein said first particle is a core/shell nanoparticle, said core being selected from the group consisting of Au, Ag, Cu, Co, Fe, and Pt, and said shell being selected from the group consisting of Au, Ag, Cu, Co, Fe, Pt, the metal oxides thereof, and combinations thereof;
a second particle, wherein said second particle is selected from the group consisting of nanoparticles, chromophores/luminophores, quantum dots, viologens, and combinations thereof; and
a linkage between said first and second particles, wherein said linkage comprises a protease consensus sequence, and wherein said linkage separates said first and second particles by a distance such that said first particle quenches an excited state of said second particle.
2. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein said first and second particles each have respective diameters of from about 1 to about 100 nm.
3. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein said core/shell nanoparticle is selected from the group consisting of Fe/Au, Fe/Fe 3 O 4 , Fe/Fe x O y , and Au/Fe 2 O 3 .
4. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein said core/shell nanoparticle is a stabilized nanoparticle comprising an organic monolayer surrounding the nanoparticle.
5. The assembly of claim 4 , wherein said monolayer is comprised of ligands, said ligands comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of thiols, alcohols, nitro compounds, phosphines, phosphine oxides, resorcinarenes, selenides, phosphinic acids, phosphonicacids, sulfonic acids, sulfonates, carboxylic acids, disulfides, peroxides, amines, nitriles, isonitriles, thionitiles, oxynitriles, oxysilanes, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds, and seleno moieties.
6. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein said second particle is a chromophore or luminophore.
7. The assembly of claim 6 , wherein said chromophore or luminophore is selected from the group consisting of organic dyes, inorganic dyes, fluorophores, phosphophores, light absorbing nanoparticles, combinations thereof, and the metalated complexes thereof.
8. The assembly of claim 7 , wherein said chromophore or luminophore is an organic dye selected from the group consisting of coumarins, pyrene, cyanines, benzenes, N-methylcarbazole, erythrosin B, N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide, 2,5-diphenyloxazole, rubrene, and N-(3-sulfopropyl)acridinium, an inorganic dye selected from the group consisting of porphyrins, phthalocyanines, chlorins, and metalated chromophores, or a fluorophore or phosphophor selected from the group consisting of phosphorescent dyes, fluoresceines, rhodamines, and anthracenes.
9. The assembly of claim 8 , wherein said chromophore or luminophore is a porphyrin selected from the group consisting of tetra carboxy-phenyl-porphyrin (TCPP) and Zn-TCPP.
10. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein said second particle is a quantum dot.
11. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein said linkage is comprised of an oligopeptide containing said consensus sequence.
12. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein said consensus sequence is selected from the group consisting of a serine protease cleavage sequence, an aspartate protease cleavage sequence, a cysteine protease cleavage, and a metalloprotease cleavage sequence.
13. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein said consensus sequence is selected from the group consisting of SGRSA (SEQ ID NO: 2), VPMSMRGG (SEQ ID NO: 3), IPVSLRSG (SEQ ID NO: 4), RPFSMIMG (SEQ ID NO: 5), VPLSLTMG (SEQ ID NO: 6), VPLSLYSG (SEQ ID NO: 7), IPESLRAG (SEQ ID NO: 8), SGSPAFLAKNR (SEQ ID NO: 9), DAFK (SEQ ID NO: 10), SGKPILFFRL (SEQ ID NO: 11), SGKPIIFFRL (SEQ ID NO:12), GPLGMLSQ (SEQ ID NO:13), HGPEGLRVGFYESDVMGRGHARLVHVEEPHT (SEQ ID NO: 25), GPQGLAGQRGIV (SEQ ID NO: 26), SLLKSRMVPNFN (SEQ ID NO: 27), SLLIFRSWANFN (SEQ ID NO: 28), and SGVVIATVIVIT (SEQ ID NO: 29).
14. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein said linkage is selected from the group consisting of SRSRSRSRSRSGRSAGGGC (SEQ ID NO: 18), KGGVPMSMRGGGC (SEQ ID NO: 30), KGGIPVSLRSGGC (SEQ ID NO: 31), KGGVPLSLTMGGC (SEQ ID NO: 32), KGGGSGRSAGGGC (SEQ ID NO: 33), CGGGSGRSAGGC (SEQ ID NO: 34), CGGGSGRSAGGGC (SEQ ID NO: 35), DGGSGRSAGGK (SEQ ID NO: 36), and KGGSGRSAGGD (SEQ ID NO: 41).
15. The assembly of claim 1 , further comprising up to 9 additional particles, each of said additional particles being linked to said first particle by respective linkages, wherein each of said linkages comprises a protease consensus sequence.
16. A composition comprising a diagnostic assay including the assembly of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier.