Natural blue-shade colorants and methods of making and using same
Composition having a blue color including a buffer, an anthocyanin, and a divalent ion source. The composition may comprise an anthocyanin and a divalent ion source, wherein the average variation of ΔE* ab of the composition is less than 30% of the average variation of ΔE* ab of a control composition after exposure of the composition and the control composition to a 400 to 765 W/m 2 light source for a period of time. The composition may comprise an anthocyanin and a divalent ion source, wherein the composition exhibits a less than 20% change in the area beneath the reflectance colorimeter spectral curve of the composition from 430 nm to 530 nm measured over a period of time. In another aspect, a method of stabilizing a blue colorant is provided. The method may comprise combining a buffer, an anthocyanin, and a divalent ion source.
1. A composition having a blue color comprising:
about 0.1% to about 50% buffer, the buffer selected from the group consisting of tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium carbonate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and a combination thereof;
about 2.5% to about 85% anthocyanin; and
a divalent ion source in an amount sufficient to inhibit degradation of the blue color such that the average variation of ΔE* ab of the composition is 30% less than the average variation of ΔE* ab of a control composition after exposure of the composition and the control composition to a 400 to 765 W/m 2 light source for about 13 weeks, wherein the control composition comprises the same components as the composition in the same amounts but comprises no divalent ion source, the amount of divalent ion source being about 1% to about 20% by weight, all percentages being by weight of the composition.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the anthocyanin comprises at least one of red cabbage anthocyanin, purple sweet potato anthocyanin, red sweet potato anthocyanin, and a combination thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the anthocyanin is a compound of the formula:
wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 5 are each independently H, OH, or OCH 3 , and R 3 , R 4 , and R 6 are each independently H, OH, OCH 3 , a sugar residue, or an acylated sugar residue.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the anthocyanin is a natural anthocyanin.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the divalent ion is at least one of calcium ion, magnesium ion, and a combination thereof.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the divalent ion source comprises at least one of calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, magnesium carbonate, magnesium chloride, and a combination thereof.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a pH of about 5 to about 10.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises about 6% to about 50% buffer.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the buffer is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, and the combination thereof.
10. A composition having a blue color comprising:
about 0.1% to about 50% buffer, the buffer selected from the group consisting of tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium carbonate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and a combination thereof;
about 2.5% to about 85% anthocyanin; and
about 1.0% to about 50% divalent ion source,
all percentages being by weight of the composition.
11. A composition having a blue color comprising:
about 10% to about 50% buffer, the buffer selected from the group consisting of tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium carbonate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and a combination thereof;
about 2.5% to about 85% anthocyanin; and
about 1.0% to about 50% divalent ion source,
all percentages being by weight of the composition.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the buffer is present in an amount of about 10% to about 30%.
13. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the divalent ion source is present in an amount of about 4% to about 40%.
14. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the divalent ion source is present in an amount of about 10% to about 30%.
15. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the divalent ion source is present in an amount of about 15% to about 25%.
16. A composition having a blue color comprising:
about 0.1% to about 50% buffer, the buffer selected from the group consisting of tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium carbonate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and a combination thereof;
about 2.5% to about 85% anthocyanin; and
about 6.0% to about 50% divalent ion source,
all percentages being by weight of the composition.
17. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the buffer is present in an amount of about 10% to about 30%.
18. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the divalent ion source is present in an amount of about 10% to about 30%.
19. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the divalent ion source is present in an amount of about 15% to about 25%.
20. The composition of claim 19 , wherein the buffer is present in an amount of about 10% to about 30%.