Method of determining types I, II, III, IV or V or methicillin-resistant
Disclosed are diagnostic methods for determining a subtype of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a biological sample of a mammal. Methods include providing a biological sample of the mammal, performing a PCR analysis of the biological sample, and analyzing the PCR amplicons with respect to their sizes so as to determine for type I, type II, type III, type IV or type V MRSA that may be present in the biological sample. Further example embodiments include using at least one mecA primer pair and/or using at least one Staphylococcus aureus nuc primer pair in the PCR analysis. Further disclosed are methods for screening populations for MRSA, and methods of treating a mammal testing positive for Type IV MRSA. Also disclosed are kits for determining a MRSA subtype in a mammal and isolated primers that may be used in the present methods and kits.
1. A method of determining a type of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a biological sample, comprising the steps of
(a) providing a biological sample;
(b) performing a multiplex PCR analysis of the biological sample, using
(i) a first primer pair comprising a forward primer 5′UTR 3 (SEQ ID NO: 3) and a reverse primer mec124b (SEQ ID NO: 8),
(ii) a second primer pair comprising a forward primer 5′UTR 3 (SEQ ID NO: 3) and a reverse primer mec3b (SEQ ID NO: 11), and
(iii) third primer pair specific for SCCmec type IV, comprising a forward primer ccrAB-F1 (SEQ ID NO: 14) and a reverse primer ccrAB-R1 (SEQ ID NO: 18),
wherein the PCR analysis provides a plurality of amplicons having different sizes; and
(c) determining the PCR amplicons with respect to their different sizes so as to reveal if type I, type II, type III or type IV MRSA is present in the biological sample.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PCR analysis in step (b) further comprises using a nuc-specific primer pair comprising a forward primer nuc F1 (SEQ ID NO: 26) and a reverse primer nuc R1 (SEQ ID NO: 27).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PCR analysis in step (b) further comprises using a mecA primer pair comprising a forward primer mecA2 forward (SEQ ID NO: 24) and a reverse primer mecA2 reverse (SEQ ID NO: 25).
4. A method of determining a type of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a biological sample, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a biological sample;
(b) performing a multiplex PCR analysis of the biological sample, using
(i) a first primer pair comprising a forward primer 5′UTR 3 (SEQ ID NO: 3), and at least one reverse primer selected from the group consisting of mec124a (SEQ ID NO: 7), mec124b (SEQ ID NO: 8), and mec124c (SEQ ID NO: 9),
(ii) a second primer pair comprising a forward primer 5′UTR 3 (SEQ ID NO: 3), and at least one reverse primer selected from the group consisting of mec3a (SEQ ID NO: 10), and mec3b (SEQ ID NO: 11), and
(iii) a third primer pair comprising a forward primer ccrAB-F1 (SEQ ID NO: 14) and a reverse primer ccrAB-R1 (SEQ ID NO: 18), or a forward primer ccrAB-F5 (SEQ ID NO:21 and a reverse primer ccrAB-R5 (SEQ ID NO: 23);
wherein the PCR analysis provides a plurality of amplicons having different sizes; and
(c) determining the PCR amplicons with respect to their different sizes so as to reveal if type I, type II, type III or type IV MRSA is present in the biological sample.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said biological sample is selected from the group consisting of cervical vaginal swab, pap smear and nasal swab.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein said first primer pair comprises a forward primer 5′UTR 3 (SEQ ID NO: 3) and a reverse primer mec124b (SEQ ID NO: 8).
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein said second primer pair comprises a forward primer 5′UTR 3 (SEQ ID NO: 3) and a reverse primer mec3b (SEQ ID NO: 11).
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein said third primer pair comprises a forward primer ccrAB-F1 (SEQ ID NO: 14) and a reverse primer ccrAB-R1 (SEQ ID NO: 18).
9. The method of claim 4 , wherein the PCR analysis further uses at least one mecA primer pair to determine β-lactam resistance in the biological sample.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said mecA primer pair comprises a forward primer mecA2 forward (SEQ ID NO: 24) and a reverse primer mecA2 reverse (SEQ ID NO: 25).
11. The method of claim 4 , wherein the PCR analysis further uses a Staphylococcus aureus nuc primer pair.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said Staphylococcus aureus nuc primer pair comprises a forward primer nuc F1 (SEQ ID NO: 26) and a reverse primer nuc R1 (SEQ ID NO: 27).
13. The method of claim 4 , wherein if said biological sample is determined to have type IV, MRSA, said method further comprises performing a Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) real-time PCR assay on the biological sample, to determine if the type IV MRSA is Community Associated-MRSA (CA-MRSA).
14. A method of determining a type of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a biological sample, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a biological sample;
(b) performing a multiplex PCR analysis of the biological sample, using
(i) a first primer pair comprising a forward primer 5′UTR 4 (SEQ ID NO: 4), and a reverse primer mec3a (SEQ ID NO: 10), and
(ii) a second primer pair comprising a forward primer ccrAB-F1 (SEQ ID NO: 14) and a reverse primer ccrAB-R1 (SEQ ID NO: 18), or a forward primer ccrAB-F5 (SEQ ID NO: 21) and a reverse primer ccrAB-R5 (SEQ ID NO: 23);
wherein the PCR analysis provides a plurality of amplicons having different sizes; and
(c) determining the PCR amplicons with respect to their different sizes so as to reveal if type I, type II, type III or type IV MRSA is present in the biological sample.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the PCR analysis further uses at least one mecA primer pair to determine β-lactam resistance in the biological sample.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the PCR analysis further uses a Staphylococcus aureus nuc primer pair.
17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising performing a Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) real-time PCR assay on the biological sample, to determine if the type IV MRSA is Community Associated-MRSA (CA-MRSA).