Composition for forming an optically transparent, superhydrophobic coating

1. An optically transparent, superhydrophobic article comprising:

an optically transparent substrate;

a plurality of hydrophobic particles having an average particle size of less than 50 nm dispersed over the optically transparent substrate; and

a discontinuous binder layer bonding the plurality of hydrophobic particles to the optically transparent substrate, the plurality of hydrophobic particles and the discontinuous binder layer forming an optically transparent, superhydrophobic coating,

wherein the discontinuous binder layer comprises a plurality of discrete binder portions,

wherein each of the plurality of discrete binder portions is localized at an interfacial region between one of the plurality of hydrophobic particles and the optically transparent substrate, and wherein

each of the discrete binder portions decreases in thickness across the interfacial region in a direction away from each particle.

2. The superhydrophobic article of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of hydrophobic particles is in direct contact with one or more adjacent hydrophobic particles.

3. The superhydrophobic article of claim 2 , wherein the particle surface coverage is at least about 90%.

4. The superhydrophobic article of claim 1 , wherein the maximum thickness of the discontinuous binder layer on the optically transparent substrate is less than the average particle size of the plurality of hydrophobic particles.

5. The superhydrophobic article of claim 1 , wherein the optically transparent, superhydrophobic coating on the optically transparent substrate transmits at least about 95% of incident light.

6. The superhydrophobic article of claim 1 , wherein the optically transparent, superhydrophobic coating on the optically transparent substrate exhibits a water droplet contact angle of at least about 170° .

7. The superhydrophobic article according to claim 1 , wherein the optically transparent substrate comprises one selected from the group consisting of a glass, an acrylic, and combinations thereof.

8. A method of making an optically transparent, superhydrophobic article, the method comprising:

depositing a coating formulation onto a optically transparent substrate, the coating formulation including a solvent, a binder, and a plurality of hydrophobic particles comprising an average particle size of about 50 nm or less;

removing the solvent from the optically transparent substrate by capillary forces;

forming a discontinuous layer of the binder on the optically transparent substrate, the binder migrating to interfacial regions between one of plurality of hydrophobic particles and the optically transparent substrate as the solvent is removed to form a plurality of discrete binder portions; and wherein each of the discrete binder portions decreases in the thickness across each of the interfacial regions in a direction away from each particle; and

bonding the plurality of hydrophobic particles to the optically transparent substrate at the interfacial regions with the discontinuous layer of the binder, thereby forming a transparent superhydrophobic coating on the optically transparent substrate.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the binder is present in the coating formulation at a binder concentration of about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein the plurality of hydrophobic particles are present in the coating formulation at a particle concentration from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1 wt. %.