Vehicle air-conditioning apparatus
A vehicle air-conditioning apparatus, including: a refrigerant circulation channel that flows a refrigerant, the refrigerant circulation channel provided in a refrigeration cycle system including, as connected in a cyclic pattern, a compressor for the refrigerant, an outdoor heat-exchanger exchanging heat between the refrigerant and an outdoor air, an expansion valve reducing pressure of the refrigerant, and an air-conditioning heat-exchange circuit exchanging heat between the refrigerant and air to be introduced into a vehicle interior; and an equipment heat-exchange circuit connected in parallel to the circuit and exchanging heat between the refrigerant and in-vehicle equipment. The circuit includes a cooling heat-transfer medium circulation channel that circulates a heat-transfer medium for cooling. The cooling channel has a cooling heat-exchanger exchanging heat between the refrigerant in the channel and a cooling heat-transfer medium for cooling the in-vehicle equipment and a cooling circulation pump for circulating the cooling heat-transfer medium.
1. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus to be set up on a vehicle, the apparatus comprising:
a refrigerant circulation channel through which a refrigerant flows, the refrigerant circulation channel being provided in a refrigeration cycle system including,
a compressor that compresses the refrigerant,
an outdoor heat-exchanger that performs heat-exchange between the refrigerant and an outdoor air, and
an expansion valve that reduces pressure of the refrigerant;
an air-conditioning heat-transfer medium circulation channel that circulates therein an air-conditioning heat-transfer medium for air-conditioning of a vehicle interior;
an equipment heat-transfer medium circulation channel that circulates therein an equipment heat-transfer medium for adjusting a temperature of an in-vehicle equipment;
an air-conditioning heat-exchanger that is connected to the refrigerant circulation channel provided in the refrigeration cycle system and to the air-conditioning heat-transfer medium circulation channel and that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air-conditioning heat-transfer medium;
an equipment heat-exchanger that is connected to the refrigerant circulation channel provided in the refrigeration cycle system and to the equipment heat-transfer medium circulation channel and that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and the equipment heat-transfer medium;
a first channel-switching valve, through which a discharge pipe and an intake pipe of the compressor are connected, and with which a first connection state where the discharge pipe of the compressor and the outdoor heat-exchanger are connected and, at the same time, the intake pipe of the compressor and the air-conditioning heat-exchanger are connected and a second connection state where the discharge pipe of the compressor and the air-conditioning heat-exchanger are connected and, at the same time, the intake pipe of the compressor and the outdoor heat-exchanger are connected are switchable therebetween;
a second channel-switching valve, through which the discharge pipe and the intake pipe of the compressor are connected, in parallel to the first channel-switching valve, and with which a third connection state where the intake pipe of the compressor and the equipment heat-exchanger are connected and a fourth connection state where the discharge pipe of the compressor and the equipment heat-exchanger are connected are switchable therebetween, wherein
the air-conditioning heat-exchanger is connected to the first channel-switching valve and, at the same time, the equipment heat-exchanger is connected to the second channel-switching switch, so that the air-conditioning heat-exchanger and the equipment heat-exchanger are connected in parallel to the refrigerant circulation channel provided in the refrigeration cycle system,
the air-conditioning heat-exchanger is connected to the expansion valve through an air-conditioning expansion valve that reduces pressure of the refrigerant,
the equipment heat-exchanger is connected to the expansion valve through an equipment expansion valve that reduces pressure of the refrigerant,
the air-conditioning heat-transfer medium circulation channel includes
a first indoor heat-exchanger that performs heat-exchange between air introduced into the vehicle interior and the air-conditioning heat-transfer medium, and
an air-conditioning circulation pump that circulates the air-conditioning heat-transfer medium between the air-conditioning heat-exchanger and the first indoor heat-exchanger,
the equipment heat-transfer medium circulation channel includes
a second indoor heat-exchanger that performs heat exchange between the air introduced into the vehicle interior and the equipment heat-exchanger, and
an equipment circulation pump that circulates the equipment heat-transfer medium between the in-vehicle equipment and the equipment heat-exchanger, and
the second indoor heat-exchanger is arranged on a downstream side of the flow of air from the first indoor heat-exchanger, so that the air to be introduced into the vehicle interior that has passed through the first indoor heat-exchanger can pass through the second indoor heat-exchanger.
2. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a bypass channel that bypasses the second indoor heat-exchanger; and
a flow control valve that controls flow rate of the cooling heat-transfer medium flowing through the second indoor heat-exchanger and the bypass channel.
3. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising:
a control device that controls air-conditioning of the vehicle interior and cooling of the equipment set up on the vehicle, wherein
upon a cooling operation in which the outdoor heat-exchanger is operated as a condenser and the air-conditioning heat-exchange circuit and the cooling heat-exchanger are operated as evaporators, the control device controls the operation of the air-conditioning apparatus such that a portion or all of the cooling heat-transfer medium is flown to the second indoor heat-exchanger through the flow control valve to allow the air to be introduced into the vehicle interior that has been cooled in the first indoor heat-exchanger is heated in the second indoor heat-exchanger.
4. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising:
a control device that controls air-conditioning of the vehicle interior and cooling of the equipment set up on the vehicle, wherein
the control device controls the operation of the air-conditioning apparatus such that an operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus is switched by the first channel-switching valve to a heating operation mode in which the air-conditioning heat-exchange circuit is operated as a condenser and the outdoor heat-exchanger is operated as an evaporator,
a flow of the refrigerant to the cooling heat-exchanger is shut off by the cooling expansion valve, and
the cooling heat-transfer medium is flown into the second indoor heat-exchanger through the flow control valve.
5. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein
upon the heating operation, the control device controls the rotation speed of the compressor such that a temperature of the cooling heat-transfer medium reaches a target temperature.
6. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising:
a control device that controls air-conditioning of the vehicle interior and cooling of the equipment set up on the vehicle, wherein
the control device controls the operation of the air-conditioning apparatus to be switched to a defrosting operation in which the outdoor heat-exchanger is operated as a condenser and the cooling heat-exchanger is operated as an evaporator,
the flow of the refrigerant to the air-conditioning heat-exchange circuit is shut off by the air-conditioning expansion valve, and
the cooling heat-transfer medium is flown into the bypass channel by the flow control valve, thereby defrosting the outdoor heat-exchanger.
7. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 6 , further comprising:
an outdoor fan that blows air outside the vehicle interior into the outdoor heat-exchanger; and
a detector that detects vehicle speed of the vehicle, wherein
upon the defrosting operation, the control device controls the outdoor fan to be rotated in a direction opposite to a direction in which the outdoor fan is rotated upon non-defrosting operation so that the speed of rotation of the outdoor fan in the opposite direction is controlled in response to the vehicle speed.
8. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a receiver tank wherein
the receiver tank is provided at a diverging point where the refrigerant discharged from the expansion valve in the refrigerant circulation channel of the refrigeration cycle system is diverged into a portion that flows through the air-conditioning heat-exchange circuit and a portion that flows through the cooling heat-exchange circuit.
9. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a control device that controls air-conditioning of the vehicle interior and cooling of the equipment set up on the vehicle; and
a detector that detects a temperature of the air-conditioning heat-transfer medium, wherein
upon a cooling operation in which the outdoor heat-exchanger is operated as a condenser and the air-conditioning heat-exchange circuit is operated as an evaporator, the control device controls a rotation speed of the compressor such that a temperature of the air-conditioning heat-transfer medium is set to be a target temperature.
10. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a control device that controls air-conditioning of the vehicle interior and cooling of the equipment set up on the vehicle;
a detector that detects a temperature of the air outside the vehicle interior; and
a detector that detects a temperature of the cooling heat-transfer medium, wherein
upon a cooling operation in which the air-conditioning heat-exchange circuit and the cooling heat-exchanger are operated as evaporators, the control device sets a target temperature of the cooling heat-transfer medium to a temperature higher than the temperature of the air outside the vehicle interior, and controls the cooling expansion valve such that the temperature of the cooling heat-transfer medium reaches the target temperature.
11. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 10 , further comprising:
a detector that detects a temperature of the refrigerant that flows out from the air-conditioning heat-exchange circuit; and
a detector that detects a temperature of the refrigerant that flows out from the cooling heat-exchanger, wherein
upon the cooling operation, the control device controls the cooling expansion valve such that the temperature of the refrigerant that flows out from the cooling heat-exchanger is higher than the temperature of the refrigerant that flows out from the air-conditioning heat-exchange circuit.
12. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a control device that controls air-conditioning of the vehicle interior and cooling of the equipment set up on the vehicle, wherein
upon a cooling operation in which the outdoor-heat-exchanger is operated as a condenser and the air-conditioning heat-exchange circuit is operated as an evaporator, the control device controls the operation of the air-conditioning apparatus such that the second channel-switching valve switches the flow of the refrigerant so that the cooling heat-exchanger is operated as a condenser to allow the cooling heat-transfer medium of the cooling heat-transfer medium circulation channel to be heated by the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation channel of the refrigeration cycle system.
13. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a control device that controls air-conditioning of the vehicle interior and cooling of the equipment set up on the vehicle, wherein
the control device controls the operation of the air-conditioning apparatus such that an operation mode of the air-conditioning apparatus is switched by the first channel-switching valve to a heating operation mode in which the air-conditioning heat-exchange circuit is operated as a condenser and the outdoor heat-exchanger is operated as an evaporator,
the cooling heat-exchanger is switched by the second channel-switching valve so as to be operated as an evaporator, and
the cooling heat-transfer medium is flown into the bypass channel by the flow control valve.
14. A moving vehicle air-conditioning apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the air-conditioning apparatus includes a plurality pieces of equipment set up on the vehicle, and
the plurality of pieces of the equipment is arranged along a direction of flow of the cooling heat-transfer medium from upstream to downstream in order of increasing permissible temperature or increasing thermal time constant.