Multimode optical fiber with low bending losses and reduced cladding effect
The present invention embraces an optical fiber that includes a central core having an alpha-index profile with respect to an outer cladding. The optical fiber also includes an inner cladding, a depressed trench, and an outer cladding. Typically, the alpha-index profile of the central core is interrupted at a point having a positive refractive index difference with respect to the outer cladding. The optical fiber achieves reduced bending losses and a high bandwidth with a reduced cladding effect for high-data-rate applications.
1. A multimode optical fiber, comprising:
a central core surrounded by an outer cladding, said central core having (i) an outer radius r 1 , (ii) a minimum refractive index difference Δn end with respect to said outer cladding that is greater than 0, and (iii) an alpha-index profile with respect to said outer cladding, the alpha-index profile being interrupted at said central core's outer radius r 1 , the alpha-index profile defining a theoretical radius r 1zero ;
an inner cladding positioned between said central core and said outer cladding, said inner cladding having (i) an outer radius r 2 , (ii) a width w 2 , and (iii) a refractive index difference Δn 2 with respect to said outer cladding; and
a depressed trench positioned between said inner cladding and said outer cladding, said depressed trench having (i) an outer radius r out , (ii) a width w 3 , and (iii) a refractive index difference Δn 3 with respect to said outer cladding;
wherein the difference between said inner cladding's outer radius r 2 and the alpha-index profile's theoretical radius r 1zero is greater than about 0.5 micron and less than 2 microns;
wherein said inner cladding's refractive index difference Δn 2 and said depressed trench's refractive index difference Δn 3 satisfy the following inequalities:
−11.9×(1000 Δn 2 ) 2 −3.4×(1000 Δn 2 )−7.2<1000 Δn 3 ; and
1000 Δn 3 <−17.2×(1000 Δn 2 ) 2 +16.5×(1000 Δn 2 )−8.0.
2. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein said central core's alpha-index profile has an alpha parameter α of between about 1.9 and 2.1.
3. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein said central core's alpha-index profile has an alpha parameter α of between 2.0 and 2.1.
4. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein, with respect to said outer cladding, said central core has a maximum refractive index difference Δn 1 of between about 11×10 −3 and 16×10 −3 .
5. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the alpha-index profile's theoretical radius r 1zero is between about 23 microns and 27 microns.
6. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein said inner cladding immediately surrounds said central core and said depressed trench immediately surrounds said inner cladding.
7. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein said central core's minimum refractive index difference Δn end is such that Δn end =Δn 2 ±0.1×10 −3 .
8. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein said inner cladding's refractive index difference Δn 2 is between about 0.2×10 −3 and 2×10 −3 .
9. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein said depressed trench's outer radius r out is less than about 32 microns.
10. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein said depressed trench's refractive index difference Δn 3 is between about −15×10 −3 and −3×10 −3 .
11. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein said depressed trench's width w 3 is between about 3 microns and 6 microns.
12. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein said depressed trench has a volume v 3 of between about 200%·μm 2 and 1,200%·μm 2 .
13. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the difference between said inner cladding's outer radius r 2 and the alpha-index profile's theoretical radius r 1zero is less than about 1.5 microns.
14. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein said inner cladding's refractive index difference Δn 2 and said depressed trench's refractive index difference Δn 3 satisfy the following inequality:
−13.6×(1000 Δn 2 ) 2 −5.2<1000 Δn 3 <−18.1×(1000 Δn 2 ) 2 +13.5×(1000 Δn 2 )−7.
15. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein, for two turns around a bend radius of 15 millimeters at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has bending losses of less than about 0.1 dB.
16. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein, for two turns around a bend radius of 10 millimeters at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has bending losses of less than about 0.1 dB.
17. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein, for two turns around a bend radius of 7.5 millimeters at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has bending losses of less than about 0.2 dB.
18. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein, for two turns around a bend radius of 7.5 millimeters at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has bending losses of less than about 0.01 dB.
19. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein, for two turns around a bend radius of 5 millimeters at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has bending losses of less than about 0.3 dB.
20. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein, for a half turn around a bend radius of 5.5 millimeters at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has bending losses of about 0.1 dB or less.
21. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein, at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has an OFL bandwidth of at least about 1,500 MHz·km.
22. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein, at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has an OFL bandwidth of at least about 3,500 MHz·km.
23. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein, at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has an OFL bandwidth of at least about 8,000 MHz·km.
24. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the multimode optical fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.2±0.015.
25. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein, at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has an outer DMD value of less than about 0.33 ps/m.
26. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein:
said central core's outer radius r 1 is between about 23.5 microns and 26.5 microns; and
at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has an outer DMD value (0-23 microns) of less than about 0.1 ps/m.
27. An optical-fiber system comprising at least a portion of the multimode optical fiber according to claim 1 .
28. An optical-fiber system according to claim 27 , wherein the optical-fiber system has a data rate of at least about 10 Gb/s over a distance of about 100 meters.
29. A multimode optical fiber, comprising:
a central core surrounded by an outer cladding, said central core having (i) an outer radius r 1 , (ii) a maximum refractive index difference Δn 1 of between about 11×10 −3 and 16×10 −3 , (iii) a minimum refractive index difference Δn end with respect to said outer cladding that is greater than 0, and (iv) an alpha-index profile with respect to said outer cladding, the alpha-index profile being interrupted at said central core's outer radius r 2 , the alpha-index profile defining a theoretical radius r 1zero ;
an inner cladding positioned between said central core and said outer cladding, said inner cladding having (i) an outer radius r 2 , (ii) a width w 2 , and (iii) a refractive index difference Δn 2 with respect to said outer cladding of between about 0.2×10 −3 and 2×10 −3 ; and
a depressed trench positioned between said inner cladding and said outer cladding, said depressed trench having (i) an outer radius r out , (ii) a width w 3 , and (iii) a refractive index difference Δn 3 with respect to said outer cladding of between about −15×10 −3 and −3×10 −3 ;
wherein the difference between said inner cladding's outer radius r 2 and the alpha-index profile's theoretical radius r 1zero is greater than about 0.5 micron and less than 2 microns;
wherein said inner cladding's refractive index difference Δn 2 and said depressed trench's refractive index difference Δn 3 satisfy the following inequalities:
−11.9×(1000 Δn 2 ) 2 −3.4×(1000 Δn 2 )−7.2<1000 Δn 3 ; and
1000 Δn 3 <−17.2×(1000 Δn 2 ) 2 +16.5×(1000 Δn 2 )−8.0.
30. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 29 , wherein said depressed trench's outer radius r out is less than about 30 microns.
31. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 29 , wherein, for two turns around a bend radius of 15 millimeters at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has bending losses of less than about 0.05 dB.
32. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 29 , wherein, for two turns around a bend radius of 5 millimeters at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has bending losses of less than about 1 dB.
33. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 29 , wherein, at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has an OFL bandwidth of at least about 10,000 MHz·km.
34. A multimode optical fiber, comprising:
a central core surrounded by an outer cladding, said central core having (i) an outer radius r 2 , (ii) a minimum refractive index difference Δn end with respect to said outer cladding that is greater than 0, and (iii) an alpha-index profile with respect to said outer cladding, the alpha-index profile being interrupted at said central core's outer radius r 1 , the alpha-index profile defining a theoretical radius r 1zero ;
an inner cladding positioned between said central core and said outer cladding, said inner cladding having (i) an outer radius r 2 , (ii) a width w 2 , and (iii) a refractive index difference Δn 2 with respect to said outer cladding; and
a depressed trench positioned between said inner cladding and said outer cladding, said depressed trench having (i) an outer radius r out of less than about 32 microns, (ii) a width w 3 , and (iii) a refractive index difference Δn 3 with respect to said outer cladding;
wherein the difference between said inner cladding's outer radius r 2 and the alpha-index profile's theoretical radius r 1zero is greater than about 0.5 micron and less than about 1.5 microns;
wherein said inner cladding's refractive index difference Δn 2 and said depressed trench's refractive index difference Δn 3 satisfy the following inequalities:
−11.9×(1000 Δn 2 ) 2 −3.4×(1000 Δn 2 )−7.2<1000 Δn 3 ; and
1000 Δn 3 <−17.2×(1000 Δn 2 ) 2 +16.5×(1000 Δn 2 )−8.0.
35. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 34 , wherein said depressed trench has a volume v 3 of between about 250%·μm 2 and 750%·μm 2 .
36. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 34 , wherein, for two turns around a bend radius of 10 millimeters at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has bending losses of less than about 0.3 dB.
37. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 34 , wherein, for two turns around a bend radius of 7.5 millimeters at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has bending losses of less than about 0.1 dB.
38. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 34 , wherein, at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has an OFL bandwidth of at least about 6,000 MHz·km.
39. A multimode optical fiber according to claim 34 , wherein:
said central core's outer radius r 1 is 25±1.5 microns; and
at a wavelength of 850 nanometers, the multimode optical fiber has an outer DMD value (0-23 microns) of less than about 0.25 ps/m.