Flow-stretch-flexure bioreactor
Described herein is a bioreactor system and modules capable of developing physiologically relevant fluid-induced shear stresses and regionally specific flow patterns to scaffold specimens and which can couple these stresses to cyclic flexure and/or stretch states. Methods of use of the bioreactor system and module also are provided.
1. A tissue conditioning bioreactor module comprising:
a) a module body comprising a cylindrical, folded passage having a diameter ranging from 10 mm to 20 mm, the passage having an inlet, an outlet, an upstream portion, a bend, and a downstream portion that widens at a junction to define a cassette compartment with a diameter greater than that of the bend and the upstream portion and further comprising one or more actuator passages extending from the cassette compartment to outside the module body; and
b) a tissue cassette within the cassette compartment comprising a tube having an inside diameter that is the same as the diameter of the downstream portion, an outside diameter, a lumen and an outside surface, the tube being fluidly connected to the downstream portion of the passage and the outlet and defining a gap between the outer surface of the tube and the cassette compartment, the cassette further comprising one or more tissue anchor pairs extending through the lumen of the tube, where each pair comprises a movable anchor and a fixed anchor, where the moving anchor passes out of the tube through openings in the tube into the gap and are mechanically coupled to one or more actuators that extend through the actuator passages to outside the module, such that movement of the one or more actuators moves the movable anchor relative to the fixed anchor.
2. The module of claim 1 , comprising an annular member slidably disposed in the gap about the tube and connected to the movable anchor and the one or more actuators such that movement of the one or more actuators slides the annular member along the tube thereby moving the movable anchor within the tube.
3. The module of claim 1 , in which the module comprises no magnetic parts.
4. The module of claim 1 , in which the module comprises a sterilizable MRI-compatible polymer composition.
5. The module of claim 4 , in which the sterilizable, MRI-compatible polymer composition comprises a polyimide.
6. The module of claim 4 , in which the sterilizable, MRI-compatible polymer composition comprises a polyetherimide.
7. The module of claim 4 , in which the sterilizable, MRI-compatible polymer composition comprises a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) or a polyethylene.
8. The module of claim 1 in which the bend is approximately 180 degrees.
9. The module of claim 1 , further comprising a bioscaffold attached to a pair of adapters for engaging the movable and fixed anchors.
10. The module of claim 1 , wherein the anchors are pins extending across the lumen of the tube.
11. The module of claim 1 , wherein the tissue cassette is removable from the module.
12. The module of claim 1 , wherein the passage and inside diameter of the tube has a diameter ranging from 12-14 mm in diameter.
13. The module of claim 1 , wherein the passage and inside diameter of the tube is approximately 13 mm in diameter.
14. A device for conditioning tissue comprising a base, one or more of the modules of claim 1 and a reciprocating motor mechanically coupled to the actuators of the one or more modules such that reciprocation of a bar by the motor moves the actuators which move the moving anchors within the tube in the module.
15. The device of claim 14 , further comprising a media reservoir, a pump fluidly connected to the media reservoir and the inlet of the one or more modules and a pump controller for controlling pump speed and timing.
16. The device of claim 15 , wherein the outlets of the one or more modules are fluidly connected to the media reservoir so that media passing from the reservoir to the module is returned to the media reservoir.
17. A method of conditioning a tissue sample comprising attaching the tissue sample to a pair of adaptors for engaging the movable and fixed anchors, mounting the bioscaffold or tissue sample into the module of claim 1 , and passing media through the module at laminar flow rates.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the media is passed through the module at a flow rate that produces a Reynolds number of less than 2,300.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the media is passed through the module at a flow rate that produces a shear stress of between 5.0 and 24 dynes/cm 2 .
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the tissue sample is an engineered heart valve leaflet material.