Mass independent kinetic energy reducing inlet system for vacuum environment
A particle inlet system comprises a first chamber having a limiting orifice for an incoming gas stream and a micrometer controlled expansion slit. Lateral components of the momentum of the particles are substantially cancelled due to symmetry of the configuration once the laminar flow converges at the expansion slit. The particles and flow into a second chamber, which is maintained at a lower pressure than the first chamber, and then moves into a third chamber including multipole guides for electromagnetically confining the particle. The vertical momentum of the particles descending through the center of the third chamber is minimized as an upward stream of gases reduces the downward momentum of the particles. The translational kinetic energy of the particles is near-zero irrespective of the mass of the particles at an exit opening of the third chamber, which may be advantageously employed to provide enhanced mass resolution in mass spectrometry.
1. A particle inlet system for vacuum instrumentation, said particle inlet system comprising:
a first chamber including a gas inlet orifice, a first opening, and a plurality of plates, wherein each of said plurality of plates has a plate opening therein and is located between said gas inlet orifice and said first opening, wherein said gas inlet orifice, an entirety of said plate openings, and said first opening are coaxially aligned;
a second chamber connected to said first chamber at said first opening, having a second opening, and containing a multipole ion guide and, wherein said first opening and said second opening are aligned to a center axis of said multipole ion guide;
a conical jet nozzle having a ringshaped opening around said second opening and located outside a volume defining said second chamber, wherein said conical jet nozzle concentrically points toward said center axis of said multipole ion guide; and
a gas flow control device configured to control a flow of gas out of said conical jet nozzle to descend into said second chamber and along a direction from said second opening to said first opening.
2. The particle inlet system of claim 1 , further comprising a jet nozzle housing embedding said conical jet nozzle, wherein said jet nozzle housing includes an upper plate exposed to said second chamber, a lower plate separated from said upper plate by said conical jet nozzle, and a toroidal outer frame adjoined to said upper plate and said lower plate and enclosing a toroidal gas chamber radially connected to said conical jet nozzle.
3. The particle inlet system of claim 2 , further comprising a buffer gas inlet connected to said toroidal gas chamber.
4. The particle inlet system of claim 3 , further comprising:
a third chamber connected to said second chamber through said second opening; and
a vacuum pump connected to, and configured to pump on, said third chamber.
5. The particle inlet system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one electrode containing an electrode hole aligned to said center axis and located within said second chamber.
6. A particle inlet system for vacuum instrumentation, said particle inlet system comprising:
a first chamber including a gas inlet orifice, a first opening, and a plurality of plates, wherein each of said plurality of plates has a plate opening therein and is located between said gas inlet orifice and said first opening, wherein said gas inlet orifice, an entirety of said plate openings, and said first opening are coaxially aligned;
a second chamber connected to said first chamber at said first opening, having a second opening, and containing a multipole ion guide and, wherein said first opening and said second opening are aligned to a center axis of said multipole ion guide;
a structure including an enclosed volume and located outside of said second chamber, said enclosed volume having said conical jet nozzle as an outlet opening and having a buffer gas inlet as an inlet opening that is configured to let in a buffer gas, said conical jet nozzle having a ring-shaped opening around said second opening and concentrically pointing toward said center axis of said multipole ion guide; and
a gas flow control device configured to control a flow of gas out of said conical jet nozzle to descend into said second chamber and along a direction from said second opening to said first opening.
7. The particle inlet system of claim 6 , further comprising a jet nozzle housing embedding said conical jet nozzle, wherein said jet nozzle housing includes an upper plate exposed to said second chamber, a lower plate separated from said upper plate by said conical jet nozzle, and a toroidal outer frame adjoined to said upper plate and said lower plate and enclosing a toroidal gas chamber radially connected to said conical jet nozzle.
8. The particle inlet system of claim 7 , further comprising a buffer gas inlet connected to said toroidal gas chamber.
9. The particle inlet system of claim 8 , further comprising:
a third chamber connected to said second chamber through said second opening; and
a vacuum pump connected to, and configured to pump on, said third chamber.
10. The particle inlet system of claim 6 , further comprising at least one electrode containing an electrode hole aligned to said center axis and located within said second chamber.
11. The particle inlet system of claim 6 , wherein said enclosed volume is defined by a jet nozzle housing and a toroidal outer frame.
12. The particle inlet system of claim 6 , wherein said conical jet nozzle is located outside a volume defining said second chamber.
13. A particle inlet system for vacuum instrumentation, said particle inlet system comprising:
a first chamber including a gas inlet orifice, a first opening, and a plurality of plates, wherein each of said plurality of plates has a plate opening therein and is located between said gas inlet orifice and said first opening, wherein said gas inlet orifice, an entirety of said plate openings, and said first opening are coaxially aligned;
a second chamber connected to said first chamber at said first opening, having a second opening, and containing a multipole ion guide and, wherein said first opening and said second opening are aligned to a center axis of said multipole ion guide;
a conical jet nozzle having a ring-shaped opening around said second opening, wherein said conical jet nozzle concentrically points toward said center axis of said multipole ion guide, and wherein each of an inner surface of said conical jet nozzle and an outer surface of said conical jet nozzle has a shape of a truncated cone of which a truncated apex is coincident with a point at said center axis of said multipole ion guide; and
a gas flow control device configured to control a flow of gas out of said conical jet nozzle to descend into said second chamber and along a direction from said second opening to said first opening.
14. The particle inlet system of claim 13 , further comprising a jet nozzle housing embedding said conical jet nozzle, wherein said jet nozzle housing includes an upper plate exposed to said second chamber, a lower plate separated from said upper plate by said conical jet nozzle, and a toroidal outer frame adjoined to said upper plate and said lower plate and enclosing a toroidal gas chamber radially connected to said conical jet nozzle.
15. The particle inlet system of claim 14 , further comprising a buffer gas inlet connected to said toroidal gas chamber.
16. The particle inlet system of claim 15 , further comprising:
a third chamber connected to said second chamber through said second opening; and
a vacuum pump connected to, and configured to pump on, said third chamber.
17. The particle inlet system of claim 13 , further comprising at least one electrode containing an electrode hole aligned to said center axis and located within said second chamber.
18. The particle inlet system of claim 1 , wherein said gas flow device controls an amount of influx of said gas into said second chamber.
19. The particle inlet system of claim 6 , wherein said gas flow device controls an amount of influx of said gas into said second chamber.
20. The particle inlet system of claim 13 , wherein said gas flow device controls an amount of influx of said gas into said second chamber.