Rotational PCR equipment and PCR method using the same
Provided are a rotational PCR apparatus, a PCR chip for the same and a rotational PCR method using the same. The disclosed rotational PCR apparatus includes: a PCR chip where PCR is performed; a rotating means connected to the PCR chip and rotating the PCR chip; and a temperature zone forming means spaced apart from the PCR chip, capable of applying thermal energy to the PCR chip and allowing the rotating PCR chip to pass through different temperature zones. The rotational PCR apparatus and method allow performance of PCR with wanted temperature condition and cycles by rotating the chip containing the target substance. Accordingly, a high-efficiency PCR process may be accomplished at low cost. Further, since the target substance can be effectively separated and purified utilizing the centrifugal force resulting from the rotating platform, separation and purification may be achieved economically without requiring additional equipments.
1. A PCR apparatus comprising:
a PCR module which comprises at least one radially distributed structure, wherein each structure comprises a PCR chip where PCR is performed;
a rotating means including a shaft that penetrates a center of the PCR module, such that the PCR chip is rotated in accordance with rotation of the shaft; and
a temperature zone forming means spaced apart from the PCR chip, capable of applying thermal energy to the PCR chip and allowing the rotating PCR chip to pass through different temperature zones,
wherein the shaft of the rotating means is disposed to correspond to a center of the temperature zone forming means,
wherein the PCR chip is formed as a single chip that comprises:
a PCR unit where PCR occurs; and
a pretreatment unit where a target substance of PCR is separated, and wherein the pretreatment unit comprises:
three chambers, each containing a different one of three aqueous solutions including a sample solution, a washing buffer and an elution buffer, and a capturing means being connected to each of the three chambers, the three chambers including a sample chamber storing the sample solution, a washing buffer chamber storing the washing buffer and an elution buffer chamber storing the elution buffer; and
fluid channels, each of which is connected to a corresponding one of the three chambers, wherein:
each fluid channel is hydrophobically treated and has a different cross sectional area, wherein a respective driving force to drive each of the aqueous solutions to flow through a corresponding one of the fluid channels, is determined by a cross sectional area of each fluid channel, such that a hydrophobically-treated fluid channel with a greater cross sectional area requires a smaller driving force;
said respective driving force is generated by a centrifugal force which corresponds to a rotational speed of the PCR chip, such that, when the rotational speed reaches a respective minimum value to generate a corresponding one of said respective driving force for a corresponding one of the fluid channels, a corresponding one of the three aqueous solutions flows to the capturing means via said corresponding one of the fluid channels with a corresponding cross sectional area.
2. The PCR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature zone forming means is in the form of a disc comprising a plurality of heating blocks.
3. The PCR apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the heating blocks are heated by electric energy and are independently controllable.
4. The PCR apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the heating block comprises a light source generating light energy.
5. The PCR apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the heating block comprises at least one heating block group(s) comprising three unit heating blocks.
6. The PCR apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the heating block comprises two or more heating block groups.
7. The PCR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobically-treated fluid channels include:
a first channel connected to the sample chamber, a second channel connected to the washing buffer chamber, and a third channel connected to the elution buffer chamber, and
wherein the PCR unit includes a PCR chamber connected to the capturing means.
8. The PCR apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
the hydrophobically-treated fluid channels include a first channel connected to the sample chamber, a second channel connected to the washing buffer chamber, and a third channel connected to the elution buffer chamber;
the first channel has a first cross sectional area, the second channel has a second cross sectional area smaller than the first cross section area, and the third channel has a third cross sectional area smaller than the second cross sectional area, such that rotating the chip at or above a first speed; and
when the rotational speed reaches a first predetermined value, the sample solution flows from the sample chamber via the first channel to the capturing means;
when the rotational speed reaches a second predetermined value greater than the first predetermined value, the washing buffer flows from the washing buffer chamber via the second channel to the capturing means; and
when the rotational speed reaches a third predetermined value greater than the second predetermined value, the elution buffer flows from the elution buffer chamber via the third channel to the capturing means.