Method and apparatus using an active ionic liquid for algae biofuel harvest and extraction
The invention relates to use of an active ionic liquid to dissolve algae cell walls. The ionic liquid is used to, in an energy efficient manner, dissolve and/or lyse an algae cell walls, which releases algae constituents used in the creation of energy, fuel, and/or cosmetic components. The ionic liquids include ionic salts having multiple charge centers, low, very low, and ultra low melting point ionic liquids, and combinations of ionic liquids. An algae treatment system is described, which processes wet algae in a lysing reactor, separates out algae constituent products, and optionally recovers the ionic liquid in an energy efficient manner.
1. A method for extracting material from algae cells comprising lysing the cell walls of the algae cells by contacting the algae cells to a first liquid selected from a group consisting of a pure ionic liquid and an active ionic liquid, wherein the algae cells are in the form of a water suspension.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the pure ionic liquid includes less than 0.1% water and at least 99.9% of an ionic salt having a melting temperature below about 150° C.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the cell walls are lysed in the absence of a co-solvent.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the active ionic liquid includes 0.1% to 25% water and 75% to 99.9% of an ionic salt having a melting temperature below about 150° C.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the water suspension includes a solid concentration of algae cells of about 0.1 to 0.15%.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the water suspension includes a solid concentration of algae cells of up to about 15%.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein lysis of the cell walls of the algae cells requires less than about one kilo Joule per kilogram of algae.
8. The method according to claim 7 wherein the temperature of the first liquid is below about 130° C.
9. The method according to claim 1 further comprising releasing the material from the algae cells into the first liquid, dissolving the material into the first liquid and separating the material from the first liquid.
10. A method for processing algae cells comprising,
introducing a water suspension of algae cells into a lysing reactor containing a first liquid selected from a group consisting of a pure ionic liquid and an active ionic liquid,
lysing the cell walls of the algae cells by contacting the algae cells to the first liquid,
forming within the reactor a lysed solution containing the first liquid, water and algae cell-derived materials including triacylglycerides, free fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins, and/or cellulose, and
separating the lysed solution into at least two layers including an upper layer and a lower layer.
11. The method according to claim 10 further comprising fanning a partial separation layer situated between the upper layer and the lower layer.
12. The method according to claim 10 wherein the upper level includes the triacylglycerides and/or the free fatty acids.
13. The method according to claim 10 wherein the lower level includes the first liquid, the carbohydrates, the proteins, the cellulose and the water.
14. The method according to claim 10 further comprising separating the upper layer from the lower layer.
15. The method according to claim 14 further comprising introducing the lower level of the lysed solution into an ionic liquid separator configured for separating the first liquid from the algae cell-derived materials.
16. The method according to claim 15 wherein the ionic liquid separator relies upon the addition of salt to the lower level of the lysed solution to separate the first liquid from the algae cell-derived materials.
17. The method according to claim 16 wherein the salt is a kosmotropic salt.
18. The method according to claim 15 wherein the ionic liquid separator relies upon the addition of an organic solvent to the lower level of the lysed solution to separate the first liquid from the algae cell-derived materials.
19. The method according to claim 10 wherein the cell walls are lysed in the absence of a co-solvent.
20. The method according to claim 10 wherein the water suspension includes a solid concentration of algae cells of up to about 15%.