Quaternary oxides and catalysts containing quaternary oxides
View Patent ↗A quaternary oxide includes a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal may be 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5. Quaternary oxides may be used in catalytic compositions, in coatings for disinfecting surfaces and in coatings for self-cleaning surfaces. A method of making a quaternary oxide includes combining ingredients including a titanium source, a dopant nonmetal source, a dopant metal salt, and a polar organic solvent to form a reaction mixture; and heating the reaction mixture.
1. A method of making a catalytic composition, comprising:
combining ingredients to form a reaction mixture, the ingredients comprising a titanium source, a dopant nonmetal source comprising at least one nonmetal selected from the group consisting of boron, nitrogen, sulfur and fluorine, a metal salt different from the dopant nonmetal source and not including titanium, and a polar organic solvent; and
heating the reaction mixture to form a catalytic composition comprising titanium, the metal other than titanium, the dopant nonmetal, and oxygen.
2. The method of claim 1 , where the titanium source is selected from the group consisting of titanium(IV) halide, titanium(IV) alkoxide, titanium(IV) nitrate, and titanium(IV) oxysulfate.
3. The method of claim 1 , where the metal salt comprises an ion of a metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, cobalt, nickel, copper, gallium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, palladium, silver, tin, lanthanum and platinum.
4. The method of claim 1 , where the heating comprises maintaining the reaction mixture at a temperature of from 50° C. to 250° C. for a period of at least 4 hours.
5. The method of claim 4 , where the combining comprises mixing the titanium source and the dopant nonmetal source with the polar organic solvent to form a first mixture, and adding the metal salt to the first mixture.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising adding water to the first mixture.
7. The method of claim 4 , further comprising removing a precipitate from the reaction mixture after the heating.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising calcining the precipitate.
9. The method of claim 1 , where the heating comprises maintaining the reaction mixture at a temperature of from 100° C. to 350° C. for a period of at least 4 hours.
10. The method of claim 9 , where the heating is performed in an autoclave.
11. The method of claim 9 , where the combining comprises:
mixing the polar organic solvent with the dopant nonmetal source to form a first mixture;
adding the titanium source to the first mixture to form a second mixture; and
adding the metal salt to the second mixture.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising adding water to the second mixture.
13. The method of claim 9 , further comprising removing a precipitate from the reaction mixture after the heating.
14. A method of making a catalytic composition, the method comprising:
combining a titanium source and a dopant nonmetal source comprising at least one nonmetal selected from the group consisting of boron, nitrogen, sulfur and fluorine with a polar organic solvent to form a first mixture;
adding a metal salt different from the dopant nonmetal source and not including titanium to the first mixture to form a reaction mixture;
heating the reaction mixture at a temperature of from 50° C. to 250° C. for a period of at least 4 hours;
removing a precipitate from the reaction mixture; and
calcining the precipitate, thereby forming a catalytic composition comprising titanium, the metal other than titanium, the dopant nonmetal, and oxygen.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising adding water to the first mixture.
16. The method of claim 14 , where
the titanium source is selected from the group consisting of titanium(IV) halide, titanium(IV) alkoxide, titanium(IV) nitrate, and titanium(IV) oxysulfate; and
the metal salt comprises an ion of a metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, cobalt, nickel, copper, gallium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, palladium, silver, tin, lanthanum and platinum.
17. A method of making a catalytic composition, comprising:
combining a polar organic solvent with a dopant nonmetal source comprising at least one nonmetal selected from the group consisting of boron, nitrogen, sulfur and fluorine to form a first mixture;
adding a titanium source to the first mixture to form a second mixture;
adding a metal salt different from the dopant nonmetal source and not including titanium to the second mixture to form a reaction mixture; and
heating the reaction mixture in an autoclave at a temperature of from 100° C. to 350° C. for a period of at least 4 hours to form a catalytic composition comprising titanium, the metal other than titanium, the dopant nonmetal, and oxygen.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising adding water to the second mixture.
19. The method of claim 17 , where
the titanium source is selected from the group consisting of titanium(IV) halide, titanium(IV) alkoxide, titanium(IV) nitrate, and titanium(IV) oxysulfate; and
the metal salt comprises an ion of a metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, cobalt, nickel, copper, gallium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, palladium, silver, tin, lanthanum and platinum.