Process for heat integration for ethanol production and purification process
Ethanol production from the hydrogenation of acetic acid requires energy to drive the hydrogenation reaction and the purification of the crude ethanol product. Heat integration process to recover heat from one part of the production process to be used within the process improves efficiencies and reduces costs.
1. A process for producing ethanol, the process comprising the steps of:
introducing an acetic acid vapor feed stream comprising acetic acid into a first reactor;
hydrogenating the acetic acid in the first reactor in the presence of a first catalyst to form a first reactor product stream comprising ethanol and residual acetic acid;
cooling the first reactor product stream in a first heat exchange stage, wherein the first reactor product stream is cooled to a temperature that is equal to or greater than a feed temperature to the first reactor;
hydrogenating the residual acetic acid in a second reactor in the presence of a second catalyst to form a second reactor product stream comprising ethanol; and
cooling the second reactor product stream in a second heat exchange stage.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first heat exchange stage further comprises heating the acetic acid vapor feed stream prior to being introduced to the first reactor.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first heat exchange stage further comprises heating a reboiler stream of a distillation column.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second heat exchange stage further comprises heating the acetic acid vapor feed stream prior to being introduced to the first reactor.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second heat exchange stage further comprises heating a reboiler stream of a distillation column.
6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising introducing an acetic acid feed stream and a hydrogen feed stream to a vaporizer to produce the acetic acid vapor feed stream.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the first heat exchange stage further comprises heating the acetic acid feed stream.
8. The process of claim 6 , wherein the second heat exchange stage further comprises heating the acetic acid feed stream.
9. The process of claim 6 , wherein the first heat exchange stage further comprises heating the hydrogen feed stream.
10. The process of claim 6 , wherein the second heat exchange stage further comprises heating the hydrogen feed stream.
11. The process of claim 1 , further comprising separating at least a portion of the second reactor product in a flasher into a vapor stream and a liquid stream.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein a portion of the vapor stream is directly or indirectly recycled as a recycle vapor stream to the first reactor and the second heat exchange stage further comprises heating the recycle vapor stream.
13. The process of claim 11 , further comprising separating at least a portion of the liquid stream in one or more distillation columns.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the first heat exchange stage further comprises heating the at least a portion of the liquid stream prior to being introduced to the one or more distillation columns.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second reactor product is cooled to a temperature that is less than the feed temperature to the first reactor.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first and second reactors each independently comprise one or more reactor beds.
17. A process for producing ethanol, the process comprising the steps of:
hydrogenating acetic acid from an acetic acid vapor feed stream in a reactor in the presence of a catalyst to form a crude reactor product;
flashing the crude reactor product to form a vapor stream and a liquid stream comprising ethanol, ethyl acetate, water, and acetic acid;
separating at least a portion of the liquid stream in a first distillation column to produce a first distillate comprising ethanol, ethyl acetate and water, and a first residue comprising acetic acid;
transferring heat of the first distillate in a first heat exchange stage;
separating a condensed portion of the first distillate in a second distillation column to produce a second distillate comprising ethyl acetate and second residue comprising ethanol and water;
separating a portion of the second residue in a third distillation column to produce a third distillate comprising ethanol and third residue comprising water; and
cooling a portion of the third residue in a second heat exchange stage.
18. The process of claim 17 , wherein the first heat exchange stage further comprises heating the at least a portion of the liquid stream prior to being introduced to the first distillation column.
19. The process of claim 17 , wherein the second heat exchange stage further comprises heating the at least a portion of the liquid stream prior to being introduced to the first distillation column.
20. The process of claim 17 , further comprising feeding the cooled portion of the third residue to the second column.
21. The process of claim 17 , transferring heat of the second distillate in a third heat exchange stage.
22. The process of claim 21 , wherein the third heat exchange stage further comprises heating the at least a portion of the liquid stream prior to being introduced to the first distillation column.
23. The process of claim 17 , further comprising introducing an acetic acid feed stream and a hydrogen feed stream to a vaporizer to produce the acetic acid vapor feed stream.
24. The process of claim 23 , wherein the first heat exchange stage further comprises heating the acetic acid feed stream.
25. The process of claim 23 , wherein the first heat exchange stage further comprises heating the hydrogen feed stream.
26. The process of claim 23 , wherein the first heat exchange stage further comprises heating the acetic acid feed stream and the hydrogen feed stream in parallel.
27. The process of claim 23 , wherein the second heat exchange stage further comprises heating the acetic acid feed stream and/or hydrogen feed stream.
28. The process of claim 23 , transferring heat of the third distillate in a fourth heat exchange stage.
29. The process of claim 28 , wherein the fourth heat exchange stage further comprises heating the at least a portion of the liquid stream prior to being introduced to the first distillation column.
30. The process of claim 28 , wherein the fourth heat exchange stage further comprises heating the acetic acid feed stream and/or hydrogen feed stream.