Surface modified silicon dioxide particles
Surface-modified silicon dioxide particles or silica sol preparable by reacting aqueous silica sol with at least one first modifier comprising at least one alkoxysilane and with at least one second modifier selected from the group consisting of halosilane, siloxane, and mixtures thereof, with water being removed before the reaction with the first or second modifier.
1. A surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol obtained by reacting aqueous silica sol with at least one first modifier comprising at least one alkoxysilane and with at least one second modifier selected from the group consisting of halosilane, siloxane, and mixtures thereof, with water being removed from the reaction by azeotropic distillation prior to reaction with the first or second modifier, wherein the reactions with the first and second modifiers are carried out successively.
2. The surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol of any claim 1 , wherein the water content of the silica sol as a result of the removal of the water, based on the silicon dioxide content, is not more than 90%, by weight, and/or the total water content of the system is below 15%.
3. The surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol of claim 1 , wherein the alkoxysilane is of the general formula (I−1) R 1 Si(OR 2 ) 3 in which the radical R 1 is an unsubstituted, substituted or functionalized C 1 -C 18 alkyl radical and the radical R 2 is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted, substituted or functionalized C 1 -C 18 alkyl radical, a carboxyl radical, an unsubstituted, substituted C 2 -C 18 alkenyl radical, and an oxime radical.
4. The surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol of claim 1 , wherein the alkoxysilane is selected from the alkoxysilanes of the following group: methyltrimethoxysilane, trimethylmethoxysilane, methylhydrodimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriacetoxysilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, diisopropyldimethoxysilane, diisobutyldimethoxysilane, chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane, chloroisobutylmethyldimethoxysilane, trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, trifluoropropylmethyldimethoxysilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane, n-butyltrimethoxysilane, n-butylmethyldimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenylmethyldimethoxysilane, triphenylsilanol, n-hexyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, isooctyltrimethoxysilane, decyltrimethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, cyclohexylmethyldimethoxysilane, cyclohexylethyldimethoxysilane, dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane, tert-butylethyldimethoxysilane, tert-butylpropyldimethoxysilane, dicyclohexyldimethoxysilane, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide, bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, m-aminophenyltrimethoxysilane, aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, aminoethylamino-propylmethyldimethoxysilane, glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, glycidyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, epoxycyclohexylethyltrimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloyloxypropyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methylvinyldimethoxysilane, vinyldimethylmethoxysilane, divinyldimethoxysilane, vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, hexenyltrimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloyloxy-propyltrimethoxysilane, acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinylbenzylethylenediaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, vinylbenzylethylenediaminopropyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride, allylethylenediaminepropyltrimethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, allylmethyldimethoxysilane, allyldimethylmethoxysilane, and hexenyltrimethoxysilane.
5. The surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol of claim 1 , wherein the halosilane is of the general formula (II) R 3 a H b SiX 4-a-b in which each R 3 , independently of any other, is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and organofunctional hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; X, independently at each occurrence, is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine;
a is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
b is 0 or 1; and
a+b is 1, 2 or 3.
6. The surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol of claim 1 , wherein the siloxane is of the general formula (III) R 3 n SiO( 4-n)/2 in which each R 3 , independently of any other, is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, organofunctional hydrocarbon atoms having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, and an OH group; and n is a number between 2 and 3inclusive.
7. The surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol of claim 1 , wherein the alkoxysilane is selected from propyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, alkyltrimethoxysilanes having 8 or more C atoms, namely octyltrimethoxysilane, isooctyltrimethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, and methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and the second modifier is composed of a mixture of chlorotrimethylsilane and hexamethyldisiloxane.
8. The surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol of claim 1 , wherein the surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol is present in dried form.
9. The surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol of claim 8 , wherein the surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol is redispersible after drying.
10. The surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol of claim 9 , wherein the particle size distribution after dispersion corresponds substantially to the particle size distribution in the solvent.
11. A method of using a surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol as claimed in claim 1 , in base polymers comprising incorporating a dispersion of the surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol or a redispersible powder obtained from the dispersion by removal of the solvent into a base polymer.
12. A polymer or polymerizable mixture comprising a surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol as claimed in claim 1 .
13. A method of using a polymer as claimed in claim 12 for producing dental formulations.
14. A method of using a polymer as claimed in claim 13 for modifying liquid silicone rubber comprising providing silicone rubber and mixing it with the polymer.
15. A process for the preparation of surface-modified silicon dioxide particles or silica sol comprising, reacting aqueous silica sol with at least one first modifier comprising at least one alkoxysilane and at least one second modifier selected from the group consisting of halosilane, siloxane, and mixtures thereof, with water being removed prior to reaction with the first or second modifier by azeotropic distillation prior to reaction with the first or second modifier, wherein the reactions with the first and second modifiers are carried out successively.
16. The surface-modified silicon dioxide particle or silica sol of claim 5 , wherein the halosilane is R 3 a H 3-a SiCl.