Waveguide device and module
Excess optical power in a waveguide device is appropriately terminated. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the waveguide device comprises a termination structure filled with a light blocking material for terminating light from the end section of a waveguide. This termination structure can be formed by forming a groove on an optical waveguide by removing the clad and core, and filling the inside of that groove with a material attenuating the intensity of the light (light blocking material). In this manner, light that enters into the termination structure is attenuated by the light blocking material, and influence on other optical devices as a crosstalk component can be suppressed. With such termination structure, not only the influence on optical devices integrated on the same substrate, but also the influence on other optical devices directly connected to that substrate can be suppressed.
1. A waveguide device comprising a substrate on which is formed a termination structure filled with a light blocking material for terminating light from an end section of a waveguide,
wherein, with respect to a horizontal plane of the substrate, the end section of the waveguide is:
tapered with a parabolic shape having an increased width in a direction towards the termination structure; or
tapered with a straight shape having an increased width in a direction towards the termination structure; or
tapered with a straight shape having a decreased width in the direction towards the termination structure; or
in the form of a multimode interferometer,
wherein the termination structure is configured such that the incident angle with respect to light from the end section of the waveguide is inclined; and
wherein the incident angle is Brewster's angle.
2. The waveguide device according to claim 1 , wherein the termination structure is configured to surround the end section of the waveguide.
3. The waveguide device according to claim 2 , wherein the termination structure is arranged to be in proximity to or in contact with side wall of a core of the end section of the waveguide.
4. The waveguide device according to claim 3 , wherein the light blocking material is comprised of a material that absorbs or scatters light from the end section of the waveguide.
5. A waveguide device comprising a substrate on which is formed a termination structure filled with a light blocking material for terminating light from an end section of a waveguide,
wherein, with respect to a horizontal plane of the substrate, the end section of the waveguide is:
tapered with a parabolic shape having an increased width in a direction towards the termination structure; or
tapered with a straight shape having an increased width in a direction towards the termination structure; or
tapered with a straight shape having a decreased width in the direction towards the termination structure; or
in the form of a multimode interferometer;
wherein the termination structure is configured such that the incident angle with respect to light from the end section of the waveguide is inclined,
wherein the termination structure is configured to surround the end section of the waveguide;
wherein the termination structure is arranged to be in proximity to or in contact with side wall of a core of the end section of the waveguide; and
wherein the termination structure is configured as a groove of which shape in a horizontal plane of a substrate has no apex points and is configured with curves.
6. The waveguide device according to claim 3 , wherein the termination structure is configured as a groove of which shape in a horizontal plane of a substrate has no apex points and is configured with curves.
7. A waveguide device comprising a substrate on which is formed a termination structure filled with a light blocking material for terminating light from an end section of a waveguide,
wherein, with respect to a horizontal plane of the substrate, the end section of the waveguide is:
tapered with a parabolic shape having an increased width in a direction towards the termination structure; or
tapered with a straight shape having an increased width in a direction towards the termination structure; or
tapered with a straight shape having a decreased width in the direction towards the termination structure; or
in the form of a multimode interferometer;
wherein the termination structure is configured such that the incident angle with respect to light from the end section of the waveguide is inclined,
wherein the termination structure is configured to surround the end section of the waveguide;
wherein the termination structure is arranged to be in proximity to or in contact with side wall of a core of the end section of the waveguide; and
further comprising at least one of a Mach-Zehnder type optical switch, a variable attenuator, an optical splitter and an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating.
8. The waveguide device according to claim 3 , comprising at least one of a Mach-Zehnder type optical switch, a variable attenuator, an optical splitter and an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating.
9. A multi-chip module integrated using a waveguide device comprising a substrate on which is formed a termination structure filled with a light blocking material for terminating light from an end section of a waveguide,
wherein, with respect to a horizontal plane of the substrate, the end section of the waveguide is:
tapered with a parabolic shape having an increased width in a direction towards the termination structure; or
tapered with a straight shape having an increased width in a direction towards the termination structure; or
tapered with a straight shape having a decreased width in the direction towards the termination structure; or
in the form of a multimode interferometer,
wherein the termination structure is configured such that the incident angle with respect to light from the end section of the waveguide is inclined;
wherein the termination structure is configured to surround the end section of the waveguide;
wherein the termination structure is arranged to be in proximity to or in contact with side wall of a core of the end section of the waveguide.
10. A multi-chip module integrated using the waveguide device according to claim 3 .
11. An apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
a termination structure formed on the substrate, the termination structure being filled with a light blocking material;
a waveguide formed on the substrate, the waveguide extending between:
an input end configured to receive an optical signal; and
a termination end adjacent to the termination structure so that the termination structure absorbs light from the termination end of the waveguide, the termination end tapering when viewed from above the substrate as the termination end extends to the termination structure,
wherein the termination end of the waveguide tapers outward as the termination end extends to the termination structure.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the termination end of the waveguide tapers outward in the form of a parabola as the termination end extends to the termination structure.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the termination end of the waveguide tapers outward linearly as the termination end extends to the termination structure.
14. An apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
a termination structure formed on the substrate, the termination structure being filled with a light blocking material;
a waveguide formed on the substrate, the waveguide extending between:
an input end configured to receive an optical signal; and
a termination end adjacent to the termination structure so that the termination structure absorbs light from the termination end of the waveguide, the termination end tapering when viewed from above the substrate as the termination end extends to the termination structure,
wherein the termination structure comprises a groove formed by removing a clad layer and core section of the substrate, and wherein the light blocking material is positioned within the groove and comprises a material that attenuates the optical intensity of the light.
15. An apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
a termination structure formed on the substrate, the termination structure being filled with a light blocking material;
a waveguide formed on the substrate, the waveguide extending between:
an input end configured to receive an optical signal; and
a termination end adjacent to the termination structure so that the termination structure absorbs light from the termination end of the waveguide, the termination end tapering when viewed from above the substrate as the termination end extends to the termination structure;
the apparatus further comprising at least one of an optical switch, a wavelength filter, and an optical attenuator.
16. An apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
a termination structure formed on the substrate, the termination structure being filled with a light blocking material;
a waveguide formed on the substrate, the waveguide extending between:
an input end configured to receive an optical signal; and
a termination end adjacent to the termination structure so that the termination structure absorbs light from the termination end of the waveguide, the termination end having a shape of an interferometer when viewed from above the substrate.
17. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the termination end of the waveguide tapers inward as the termination end extends to the termination structure.