Systems and methods for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer
Methods for diagnosing a cancer in a subject are provided that include determining an amount of autoantibodies immunoreactive to procathepsin D (pCD) in a sample obtained from the subject. Further provided are systems for diagnosing a cancer in a subject that include an autoantibody immunoreactive pCD antigen and a means for detecting binding of an autoantibody to the antigen.
1. A method for determining an amount of autoantibodies immunoreactive to an antigen present in a biological sample of a subject, comprising:
providing a biological sample from the subject;
contacting an antigen with the biological sample, wherein the antigen consists of a peptide of SEQ ID NO:2, or consists of a plurality of peptides of SEQ ID NO: 2;
detecting the autoantibodies in the sample immunoreactive to the antigen; and
determining an amount in the sample of autoantibodies immunoreactive to procathepsin D (pCD) based on the autoantibodies detected.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample comprises blood, plasma, serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, or breast milk.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antigen consists of a plurality of peptides of SEQ ID NO: 2.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining the subject may have cancer by comparing the amount of the autoantibodies in the sample, if present, to a control level of the autoantibodies, wherein the subject is determined to have the cancer if there is a measurable difference in the amount of the autoantibodies in the sample as compared to the control level.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, and cervical cancer.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cancer is breast cancer.
7. The method of claim 4 , further comprising selecting a treatment or modifying a treatment for the cancer based on the determined amount of the autoantibodies.
8. The method of claim 4 , further comprising characterizing a cancer based on the determined amount of autoantibodies.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein characterizing the cancer comprises determining a stage of the cancer.