Electroactive optical device
An electroactive optical device, in particular an electroactive lens, comprising an optical element ( 1 ) as well as an electroactive element ( 2 ) is described. The optical element ( 1 ) is an elastic solid, such as a gel or a polymer. The electroactive element ( 2 ) comprises a plurality of compliant electrodes ( 3 a - 3 e ) stacked on top of each other with an electroactive material ( 5 ) between them. The electroactive element ( 2 ) is surrounded by a rigid wall ( 4 a , 4 b ), which provides two common contacts for the electrodes ( 3 a - 3 e ). In the absence of an applied electric voltage, the optical element ( 1 ) is in a mechanically relaxed State, which reduces undesired ageing effects. Upon application of a voltage to the electrodes ( 3 a - 3 e ) the optical element ( 2 ) is deformed.
1. An electroactive optical device comprising
an elastic optical element;
an electroactive element arranged laterally adjacent to said optical element and comprising at least one electrode pair of two electrodes with an elastic electroactive material arranged between said electrode pair;
a solid substrate; and
a buffer layer arranged between said solid substrate and said electroactive element and said optical element, the buffer layer having a Young's modulus smaller than or equal to a Young's modulus of said optical element,
wherein upon application of a voltage over said at least one electrode pair an axial distance between said electrodes changes, thereby varying a volume of a first region in said optical element adjacent to said electrode pair, thereby radially displacing material in said optical element between said first region and a second region of said optical element, wherein one of said regions elastically expands and the other elastically contracts in an axial direction, thereby bringing said optical element into a deformed state, while, in the absence of a voltage over said at least one electrode pair, said optical element is in an elastically relaxed state.
2. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 wherein said electroactive element comprises a plurality of electrode pairs stacked on top of each other with a plurality of gaps between said electrode pairs and wherein said gaps are filled by said electro active material.
3. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 wherein the optical element is a solid or a gel.
4. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 wherein the electroactive element comprises or consists of a material selected from the group comprising gels, polymers, acrylic materials and elastomers.
5. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 wherein the optical element is the same material as the electroactive material.
6. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 wherein the optical element is of a material different from the electroactive material.
7. The electroactive optical device of claim l wherein said electroactive element surrounds said optical element.
8. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 wherein said optical material is arranged at a first side of said electroactive element and wherein said electroactive optical device further comprises a solid wall at a second side of said electroactive element, wherein said second side is opposite to said first side.
9. The electroactive optical device of claim 8 wherein each of said electrodes is electrically connected to one of at least two different sections of said wall.
10. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 wherein said electroactive element comprises at least one electrode made from at least one material selected from the group comprising carbon nanotubes, carbon black, carbon grease, metal ions, fluid metals, metallic powders, conductive polymers, and rigid electrodes connected to deformable leads.
11. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 further comprising a lid layer attached to said optical element, wherein said lid layer has a Young's modulus larger than a Young's modulus of said optical element.
12. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 wherein an inner diameter of at least one of the electrodes is different from the inner diameter of at least some of the other electrodes
and wherein an electrode closest to a top surface of said optical device has a larger inner diameter than a next lower electrode, wherein the top surface is the surface that is deformed upon application of a voltage.
13. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 further comprising a mirror element on at least one surface of said optical element.
14. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 further comprising a rigid element in the optical element.
15. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 further comprising an antireflective layer on at least one surface of said optical element.
16. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 wherein said optical element is of an inhomogeneous hardness and wherein said optical element comprises an inhomogeneously polymerized polymer.
17. An assembly of at least two electroactive devices of claim 1 on top of each other, wherein said electroactive devices are mounted to opposite sides of a common solid substrate.
18. The electroactive optical device of claim 1 wherein said elastic optical element forms a lens.
19. An electroactive optical device comprising
an elastic optical element;
an electroactive element arranged laterally adjacent to said optical element and comprising at least one electrode pair of two electrodes with an elastic electroactive material arranged between said electrode pair;
a solid substrate;
a buffer layer arranged between said solid substrate and said electroactive element and said optical element, the buffer layer having a Young's modulus smaller than or equal to a Young's modulus of said optical element; and
a lid layer attached to said optical element, the lid layer having a Young's modulus larger than the Young's modulus of said optical element,
wherein upon application of a voltage over said at least one electrode pair an axial distance between said electrodes changes, thereby varying a volume of a first region in said optical element adjacent to said electrode pair, thereby radially displacing material in said optical element between said first region and a second region of said optical element, wherein one of said regions elastically expands and the other elastically contracts in an axial direction, thereby bringing said optical element into a deformed state, while, in the absence of a voltage over said at least one electrode pair, said optical element is in an elastically relaxed state, and
wherein said electroactive element comprises a plurality of electrode pairs stacked on top of each other with a plurality of gaps between said electrode pairs and wherein said gaps are filled by said electroactive material.
20. An electroactive optical device comprising
an elastic optical element;
an electroactive element arranged laterally adjacent to said optical element and comprising at least one electrode pair of two electrodes with an elastic electroactive material arranged between said electrode pair; and
a lid layer attached to said optical element, said lid layer having a Young's modulus larger than a Young's modulus of said optical element,
wherein upon application of a voltage over said at least one electrode pair an axial distance between said electrodes changes, thereby varying a volume of a first region in said optical element adjacent to said electrode pair, thereby radially displacing material in said optical element between said first region and a second region of said optical element, wherein one of said regions elastically expands and the other elastically contracts in an axial direction, thereby bringing said optical element into a deformed state, while, in the absence of a voltage over said at least one electrode pair, said optical element is in an elastically relaxed state.