Light-guide solar panel and method of fabrication thereof
The present invention is that of a solar energy system that uses a light-guide solar panel (LGSP) to trap light inside a dielectric or other transparent panel and propagates the light to one of the panel edges for harvesting by a solar energy collector such as a photovoltaic cell. This allows for very thin modules whose thickness is comparable to the height of the solar energy collector. This eliminates the depth requirements inherent in traditional concentrated photovoltaic solar energy systems.
1. A light-guide solar panel module comprising:
a) a single planar light-insertion molded polymeric slab that is transmissive to sunlight including:
a plurality of first optical elements spaced apart from one another, each of the first optical elements having:
an input surface for receiving impinging sunlight,
a first reflector having a single reflective surface inclined with respect to the impinging sunlight (i) to receive sunlight directly through the input surface at an angle smaller than a critical angle for total internal reflection of the sunlight at the reflecting surface, and (ii) to reflect the received sunlight only once and at an oblique angle with respect to the impinging sunlight to redirect the sunlight;
b) a single planar wedge-shaped optical waveguide molded polymeric slab that is transmissive to sunlight including:
a first reflective surface,
a plurality of stepped planar second reflectors opposite to the first reflective surface and being spaced apart from one another,
an output surface,
the optical waveguide slab being optically coupled to each of the first reflectors of the light-guide slab to receive the oblique sunlight therefrom, the first reflective surface and the plurality of second reflectors being positioned and arranged such that the sunlight received from the first reflectors is guided through the optical waveguide slab towards the output surface via multiple total internal reflections between the plurality of second reflectors and the first surface;
c) a photovoltaic cell for receiving the sunlight having been concentrated by the light-insertion slab and the waveguide slab; and
d) a single second optical element that is transmissive to sunlight and has at least one reflective surface positioned to redirect at least a portion of the sunlight travelling within the waveguide slab towards the photovoltaic cell.
2. A light-guide solar panel module comprising:
a) a single planar light-insertion slab that is transmissive to sunlight having a plurality of optical focusing elements spaced apart from one another, each of the optical focusing elements having an input surface for receiving impinging sunlight,
b) a single planar optical waveguide slab that is transmissive to sunlight including:
a first reflective surface,
a plurality of reflectors opposite to the first reflective surface and being spaced apart from one another,
an output surface,
the optical waveguide slab being optically coupled to each of the optical focusing elements of the light-guide slab to receive the sunlight therefrom, the first reflective surface and the plurality of reflectors being positioned and arranged such that the sunlight received from the optical focusing elements is guided towards the output surface via multiple total internal reflections within the optical waveguide slab;
c) a cladding layer formed between the light-insertion slab and the optical waveguide slab, the cladding layer having a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the light-insertion slab and lower than a refractive index of the optical waveguide slab;
d) a photovoltaic cell for receiving the sunlight having been received and concentrated via the light-insertion slab and the waveguide slab; and
e) a single second optical element transmissive to sunlight having at least one reflective surface being positioned and structured to redirect at least a portion of the sunlight travelling within the waveguide slab towards the photovoltaic cell.