Multi-component polymerization inhibitors for ethylenically unsaturated monomers
The invention provides a composition and a method of using the composition for inhibiting the unwanted polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The composition is prepared by reducing a nitroxide stable free radical to its corresponding hydroxylamine through reaction with a dialkyl/aryl hydroxylamine and subsequent addition of a polymerization prevention component selected from phenolic antioxidants, phenylenediamine and phenylenediamine derivatives, or phenothiazine and phenothiazine derivatives targeted towards ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The conversion of the nitroxide by the dialkyl/aryl hydroxylamine is to prevent it or the polymerization prevention component from being “spent”by reaction with each other, impurities or any other incompatible components. This allows previously incompatible combinations to now work effectively. In fact, the combination is more efficacious as the combination exerts a synergy due to the presence of various polymerization prevention reagents. The composition is a synergistic combination of various polymerization inhibition compounds for the inhibition of the unwanted polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
1. A method of inhibiting the unwanted polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer prone to polymerization, wherein the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is selected from a list of acrylonitrile, (meth)acrolein, (meth)acrylic acid, acrylate esters, butylacrylate, ethylacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethylene, propylene, styrene, divinylbenzene, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, and any combination thereof, the method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a nitroxide stable free radical solution having a solvent;
b) adding a sufficient amount of dialkyl/aryl hydroxylamine to the solution to reduce the nitroxide to the nitroxide hydroxylamine;
c) adding to the solution a polymerization prevention component, thereby forming an inhibiting composition; and
d) adding the composition to a fluid containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers;
wherein the polymerization prevention component is one selected from the list consisting of phenolic antioxidants, phenylenediamine and phenylenediamine derivatives, phenothiazine and phenothiazine derivatives, and any combinations thereof, and the polymerization prevention component is targeted towards ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and the polymerization prevention component is an item that would otherwise react with the nitroxide stable free radical but for the conversion of the nitroxide into nitroxide hydroxylamine.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the nitroxide stable free radical is a derivative of TMPO.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the dialkyl/aryl hydroxylamine is a dialkyl hydroxylamine.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein the nitroxide stable free radical is HTMPO.
5. The method of claim 3 in which the dialkyl hydroxylamine is DEHA.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the phenolic antioxidant is HQ.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein but for the presence of the polymerization prevention component the antioxidant would have reacted with the nitroxide and thereby at least one of the antioxidant or the nitroxide would have had a lower inhibiting capacity than if they were not so reacted.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the phenolic antioxidant is one selected from the list consisting of: MEHQ, BHT, TBC and any combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the phenylenediamine and phenylenediamine derivative is one selected from the list consisting of phenylenediamine, N-substituted phenylenediamines, and N,N′-substituted phenylenediamines.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the phenothiazine derivative is selected from phenothiazine and substituted phenothiazines.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the nitroxide stable free radical is HTMPO, the dialkyl/aryl hydroxylamine is DEHA and the phenolic antioxidant is HQ.
12. A composition for inhibiting the unwanted polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer prone to polymerization, the composition produced by:
a) providing a nitroxide stable free radical solution having a solvent;
b) adding a sufficient amount of dialkyllaryl hydroxylamine to the solution to reduce the nitroxide to the nitroxide hydroxylamine;
c) adding to the solution a polymerization prevention component, thereby forming an inhibiting composition; and
d) adding the composition to a liquid containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers;
wherein the polymerization prevention component is one selected from the list consisting of phenolic antioxidants, phenylenediamine and phenylenediamine derivatives, phenothiazine and phenothiazine derivatives, and any combinations thereof, and the polymerization prevention component is targeted towards ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and the polymerization prevention component is an item that would otherwise react with the nitroxide stable free radical but for the conversion of the nitroxide into nitroxide hydroxylamine.