Production of isotopes using high power proton beams
The invention provides for a method for producing isotopes using a beam of particles from an accelerator, whereby the beam is maintained at between about 70 to 2000 MeV; and contacting a thorium-containing target with the particles. The medically important isotope 225 Ac is produced via the nuclear reaction (p,2p6n), whereby an energetic proton causes the ejection of 2 protons and 6 neutrons from a 232 Th target nucleus. Another medically important isotope 213 Bi is then available as a decay product. The production of highly purified 211 At is also provided.
1. A method for producing 225 Ac using an accelerator, the method comprising
a. producing a beam of particles along an axis, whereby the beam is maintained at between about 70 and 8000 MeV;
b. impinging the particles on a plurality of target sheets, each target sheet containing 232 Th, wherein each of said plurality of target sheets is arranged such that surfaces of each of said plurality of target sheets is spaced apart and approximately parallel to each other, and the surfaces are arranged at an angle greater than 0 and less than 10 degrees relative to the beam's axis; and
c. producing approximately 10 Ci of 225 Ac per 100 grams of 232 Th in the plurality of target sheets during each day of irradiation.
2. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the each of the target sheets of 232 Th comprise a thorium metal, or a thorium compound, or a combination of the two.
3. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the particles are subatomic entities or elements selected from the group consisting of ions of hydrogen, hydrogen isotopes, helium, helium isotopes and combinations thereof.
4. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the beam is produced at a power level of from about 1 kW to 1 MW.
5. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the beam is maintained at 200 MeV energy, the particles are protons, and a net yield of approximately 1.4 Ci of 225 Ac are produced per gram of 232 Th in the plurality of target sheets after 15 days of irradiation.
6. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the energy imparted to the particles is varied while the ion current of the particles remains constant.
7. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the rate of 225 Ac production is about 8E12 per second at a beam power level of 100 kW and 200 MeV proton beams.
8. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the plurality of target sheets is contacted with proton particles maintained at from 100 to 250 kW each.
9. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising a heat sink interlineated with the plurality of target sheets.
10. The method as recited in claim 9 wherein the heat sink is a fluid which contacts the surfaces of the target sheets.
11. The method as recited in claim 9 wherein the heat sink is a fluid selected from the group consisting of liquid water, helium gas, liquid metal and combinations thereof.
12. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein a cross section of each target sheet is sized close to the cross section of the particle beam such that substantially the entire cross section of each target sheet opposes the beam.
13. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the beam energy is 100 MeV, the beam power is 100 kW and about 1500 curies per year are produced.
14. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein each target sheet has a substantially uniform thickness of between zero and one millimeter and each target sheet is spaced apart from each other by a space of up to one millimeter.