Accelerator-based method of producing isotopes
The invention provides a method using accelerators to produce radio-isotopes in high quantities. The method comprises: supplying a “core” of low-enrichment fissile material arranged in a spherical array of LEU combined with water moderator. The array is surrounded by substrates which serve as multipliers and moderators as well as neutron shielding substrates. A flux of neutrons enters the low-enrichment fissile material and causes fissions therein for a time sufficient to generate desired quantities of isotopes from the fissile material. The radio-isotopes are extracted from said fissile material by chemical processing or other means.
1. A subcritical method to produce Mo-99 comprising:
a) supplying a proton beam having an energy of up to 400 MeV;
b) directing the proton beam at a downstream core of low-enriched uranium, said core comprised of:
a plurality of coated cylindrical foils, said coated cylindrical foils arranged in an array of coaxial cylinders with said cylinders having a common axis orthogonal to the beam direction and with said cylinders decreasing in diameter and increasing in height from the outermost concentric cylinder to the innermost concentric cylinder such that the plurality of coated cylindrical foils forms a substantially spheroidal shape and wherein said core is immersed in water and surrounded by a first shell of low-enriched uranium, a second shell of beryllium, and a third shell of carbon;
c) placing a high-atomic-number (“high-Z”) material downstream of the proton beam and upstream of the core;
d) exposing the high-Z material to the proton beam so as to produce a flux of neutrons in the direction of the downstream core, and producing on average greater than 10 fissions in the core for each proton of the proton beam;
e) causing the neutrons to contact the low-enriched uranium and causing fissions therein for a time sufficient to generate desired quantities of Mo-99 from the low-enriched uranium; and
f) extracting said Mo-99 from said core.
2. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the charged particle beam is generated from a linear accelerator.
3. The method as recited in claim 2 wherein said accelerator accelerates charged particles to an energy between 10 MeV and 70 MeV.
4. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the particle beam has an energy between about 70 MeV and 400 MeV.
5. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said target of high-Z material is an element selected from the group consisting of uranium, tungsten, bismuth, tantalum, and lead.
6. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein substantially all of the fissile material is exposed to the neutron flux such that it can be used for the production of radio-isotopes.
7. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein a 200-MeV, 100 kW proton beam impinging on the high-Z material outside the core results in a yield of 13.3 fissions per proton in the core array of foils of fissile material.
8. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cylindrical foils is surrounded by a first shell of low enriched uranium, wherein the first shell has a thickness of between 100 and 200 μm, a second shell of beryllium, wherein second shell has a thickness between 10 and 30 cm.
9. The method as recited in claim 8 , wherein the second shell is further surrounded by a third shell of a neutron-moderating material.
10. The method as recited in claim 9 , wherein the neutron-moderating material is a carbon structure.