EMI Voltage Switchable Dielectric Materials Having Nanophase Materials
Various embodiments of the invention disclosed herein provide for adjusting the electrical response of a voltage switchable dielectric material by incorporating one or more nanophase materials. Various aspects provide for a VSDM having improved electrical and/or physical properties. In some cases, a VSDM may have improved (e.g., lower) leakage current at a given voltage. A VSDM may have improved resistance to ESD events, and may have improved resistance to degradation associated with protecting against an ESD event.
1 . A voltage switchable dielectric material (VSDM) comprising:
a conductive phase;
an insulating phase; and
a nanophase material that modifies an electrical response of the VSDM.
2 . The VSDM of claim 1 , wherein the nanophase material includes a semiconducting phase.
3 . The VSDM of claim 1 , wherein the nanophase material includes an insulating phase.
4 . The VSDM of claim 1 , wherein the nanophase material includes a Metal Organic Framework (MOF) material.
5 . The VSDM of claim 4 , wherein the MOF material is at least one of a carboxylate, a Zinc-imidazolate, and an imidazole.
6 . The VSDM of claim 1 , wherein the nanophase material includes a covalent organic framework material.
7 . The VSDM of claim 1 , wherein the nanophase material includes a zeolitic imidazolate framework material.
8 . The VSDM of claim 1 , wherein the nanophase material includes at least one of a terephthalate, a zeolite, an aluminum, an imidazole, a zinc, a copper, and an iron.
9 . The VSDM of claim 1 , wherein the nanophase material includes a surface area greater than 1,000 m 2 /g.
10 . The VSDM of claim 1 , wherein the nanophase material includes a surface area greater than 2,000 m 2 /g.
11 . The VSDM of claim 1 , wherein the nanophase material includes a surface area greater than 4,000 m 2 /g.
12 . The VSDM of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined porosity of the nanophase material does not exceed 100 nm.
13 . The VSDM of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined porosity of the nanophase material does not exceed 30 nm.
14 . The VSDM of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined porosity of the nanophase material does not exceed 10 nm.
15 . The VSDM of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined porosity of the nanophase material does not exceed 6 nm.
16 . A method for modifying an electrical response of a voltage switchable dielectric material (VSDM), the method comprising:
selecting a VSDM material having an electrical response; and
adding a nanophase material to the VSDM to modify the electrical response of the VSDM.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the amount of the nanophase material added is between 0.01 and 40%.
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the amount of the nanophase material added is between 0.1 and 10%.
19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the amount of the nanophase material added is 5.0%.
20 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the electrical response of the VSDM is a first trigger voltage at a first leakage current and the effective amount of nanophase material reduces the first trigger voltage by 30% at the first leakage current.