Parallel integrated thermal management
Embodiments discussed herein are directed to managing the heat content of two vehicle subsystems through a single coolant loop having parallel branches for each subsystem.
1. A thermal management system for an automobile, comprising:
a coolant loop having a coolant loop junction, the coolant loop junction configured to receive coolant from a radiator output and to distribute the coolant between a first coolant loop branch and a second coolant loop branch;
a first pump disposed between the radiator and the coolant loop junction in the first loop branch, the first pump configured to provide coolant to the first coolant loop junction, and the first pump is additionally connected to a radiator bypass path;
a first heat exchanger connected to the coolant loop junction by the first coolant loop branch and configured to use coolant received from the coolant loop junction to exchange heat with a first vehicle component;
a second heat exchanger connected to the coolant loop junction by the second coolant loop branch and configured to use coolant received from the coolant loop junction to exchange heat with a second vehicle component;
a second pump disposed between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger in the second loop branch, the second pump configured to provide coolant, heated by the second heat exchanger, from the second heat exchanger output to the first heat exchanger in a reverse flow through the first heat exchanger relative to the direction of coolant flow through the first heat exchanger supplied by the first pump; and
a control element configured to control flow of coolant in at least one of the first and second coolant loop branches in response to a condition detected in at least one of the first and second vehicle components, wherein in a first mode, heated coolant from at least a second heat exchanger output is provided directly to the first pump through the radiator bypass path, and in a second mode, heated coolant from at least the second heat exchanger output is cooled by the radiator and then provided to the first pump.
2. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the control element is configured to maintain a target rate of heat exchange in at least the second heat exchanger by varying a rate at which coolant is pumped through the first pump in response to the condition detected in the at least one of the first and second vehicle components.
3. The thermal management system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second coolant loop junction configured to receive heated coolant from both the first and second coolant loop branches and to output the received coolant in a single output flow to either the radiator or to the radiator bypass path.
4. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the first vehicle component is an internal combustion engine and the second vehicle component is an electric system.
5. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the first vehicle component is an air conditioning system and the second vehicle component is an electric system.
6. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the first vehicle component is a transmission fluid system and the second vehicle component is an electric system.
7. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second vehicle components are independently selected from an internal combustion engine, an air conditioning system, a transmission fluid system, a brake fluid system, an electric system, a power electronics subsystem, or a heat pump.
8. The thermal management system of claim 3 , further comprising:
a third coolant loop junction configured to receive coolant output from the first heat exchanger and to output the received coolant to the second coolant loop junction.
9. The thermal management system of claim 1 , wherein the coolant is selected from water, deionized water, ethylene glycol, poly(ethylene glycol), diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, betaine, polyalkylene glycols, copper oxide nanofluids, alumina nanofluids, titanium dioxide nanofluids, silica nanofluids, carbon nanofluids, and combinations thereof.
10. The thermal management system of claim 1 , further comprising a third mode wherein the heated coolant from the second heat exchanger output is transferred by the second pump in the reverse flow through the first heat exchanger to transfer heat to the first vehicle component.