Method of detecting and controlling stall in an axial fan
A method of detecting stall in an axial fan through acoustical measurements in air the air flow, includes measuring the sound emanating from the flow adjacent the fan, preparing a visual representation of the sound, comparing the visual representation with a library of fixed visual representations derived from a plurality of tests representative of the performance of the fan under a range of operating parameters, selecting the fixed visual representation most closely matching the visual representation of the said sound, and deriving a control signal from the selected fixed visual representation. The visual representations are formed by a symmetrised dot pattern (SDP) technique.
1. A method of detecting and controlling stall in an axial fan through acoustical measurements in the air flow, comprising:
measuring the sound emanating from the flow;
preparing a visual representation of the sound;
comparing the visual representation with a library of fixed visual representations, the library of fixed visual representations derived from a plurality of tests representative of the performance of the fan under a range of operating parameters, wherein the library of fixed visual representations comprises a plurality of visual representations each depicting only one of: normal flow conditions, incipient stall conditions, and stall conditions;
selecting the fixed visual representation most closely matching the visual representation of the sound;
determining if the fan is approaching incipient stall based on the selected visual representation; and
generating a feedback control signal to control the operation and speed of the fan when the fan is determined to be approaching incipient stall.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the visual representations are formed by a symmetrised dot pattern (SDP) technique.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the sound is measured over a period of time covering less than 10 revolutions of the fan.
4. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the sound is measured over less than three revolutions.
5. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the sound is measured over less than one revolution.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the parameters include different operating speeds of the fan.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the operating speeds include at least one selected from 100%, 50% and 25% of the fan's rated speed.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein means for measuring the sound emanating from the flow comprises a microphone located adjacent the fan.
9. An apparatus comprising:
an axial fan;
a casing in which said axial fan is mounted;
a duct in which the casing is mounted;
a microphone coupled to the duct, the microphone for detecting acoustics of air flow through the duct, and for transmitting signals representative of the acoustics of said air flow;
a processor for receiving said signals from said microphone, for creating a visualization representing acoustics of said air flow, and for transmitting the visualization; and
a comparator for:
receiving the visualization from the processor;
comparing the visualization to a reference library of fixed visual representations, wherein the library of fixed visual representations comprises a plurality of visual representations each depicting only one of: normal flow conditions, incipient stall conditions, and stall conditions;
determining if the fan is approaching incipient stall based on the visualization; and
generating a control signal based on the visualization and the reference library when the fan is determined to be approaching incipient stall, the control signal for controlling operation of the fan in response thereto.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the processor creates the visualization using a symmetrized dot pattern (SDP) technique.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the signals are transmitted in intervals of 10 seconds.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the microphone has a frequency response of 5 Hz to 7 kHz +/−1dB and 3.15 Hz to 20 kHz +/−2dB.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the microphone has a lower limiting frequency of 1 Hz to 2 Hz.
14. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the ducting has an inlet section four times the length of the diameter of the fan.
15. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the acoustics of the air flow are measured over less than three revolutions of the fan.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the acoustics of the air flow are measured over less than one revolution of the fan.
17. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the library of fixed visual representations is derived from a plurality of tests representative of the performance of the fan under a range of operating parameters.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the parameters include different operating speeds of the fan.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the range of operating parameters include at least one speed selected from 100%, 50% and 25% of the fan's rated speed.