Cooling of heat intensive systems
Disclosed herein is a cooling system that utilizes a supersonic cooling cycle. The cooling system includes accelerating a compressible working fluid, and may not require the use of a conventional mechanical pump. The cooling system accelerates the fluid to a velocity equal to or greater than the speed of sound in the compressible fluid selected to be used in the system. A phase change of the fluid due at least in part to a pressure differential cools a working fluid that may be utilized to transfer heat from a heat intensive system.
1. A cooling system for cooling heat intensive systems, the cooling system comprising:
a cooling unit that utilizes a supersonic cycle to cool a working fluid in a closed-loop fluid pathway, wherein the supersonic cycle generates a compression wave that causes pressure and phase changes in the working fluid, thereby cooling the working fluid; and
a heat exchanger that transfers heat generated by the heat intensive system to the cooling unit via a circulating fluid that is in thermal communication with the working fluid; and
wherein a mechanical pump is used to increase the pressure of the working fluid at an inlet of at least one evaporator tube without the fluid passing through an intermediate heater, fluid flow within the at least one evaporator tube being in the critical flow regime and causing a phase change in the working fluid.
2. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of a fluid flow in the cooling unit is in the critical flow regime.
3. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the fluid flow is propelled by vortex flow rings.
4. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein the working fluid is accelerated by rotating a portion of the fluid pathway so that the working fluid is accelerated to a velocity greater than or equal to the speed of sound in the fluid.
5. The cooling system of claim 4 , wherein the fluid pathway includes at least one evaporator tube.
6. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein cavitation generated in the fluid pathway assists in the formation of the compression wave.
7. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein during the phase change of the working fluid, a portion of the working fluid is introduced into a volume change compensation mechanism in fluid communication with the fluid pathway to compensate for the volume change associated with the phase change.
8. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein the working fluid is water.
9. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein a rotating disk is positioned in communication with the fluid pathway, and wherein the working fluid is introduced at a central area of the rotating disk so that acceleration of the working fluid across a face of the rotating disk causes the working fluid to flow in the critical flow regime.
10. The cooling system of claim 9 , wherein the flow of the working fluid across the face of the rotating disk creates a shear force that generates cavitation in the working fluid.
11. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein acceleration of the working fluid causes a pressure change that leads to a phase change of the working fluid.
12. The cooling system of claim 11 , wherein the pressure change of the working fluid occurs within a range of approximately 20 PSI to approximately 100 PSI.
13. The cooling system of claim 11 , wherein the pressure change of the working fluid involves a change to an excess of 100 PSI.
14. The cooling system of claim 11 , wherein the pressure change of the working fluid involves a change to less than 20 PSI.
15. A cooling system for cooling heat intensive systems, the cooling system comprising:
a cooling unit that utilizes a supersonic cycle to cool a working fluid in a closed-loop fluid pathway, the cooling unit utilizing a rotating element to accelerate the working fluid to a supersonic velocity, the acceleration of the working fluid creating a compression wave that causes a phase change in the working fluid, thereby cooling the working fluid; and
a heat exchanger in thermal communication with the fluid pathway, the heat exchanger transferring heat generated by the heat intensive system to the cooling unit via a circulating fluid; and
wherein a mechanical pump is used to increase the pressure of the working fluid at an inlet of at least one evaporator tube without the fluid passing through an intermediate heater, fluid flow within the at least one evaporator tube being in the critical flow regime and causing a phase change in the working fluid.
16. The cooling system of claim 15 , wherein at least a portion of a fluid flow in the cooling unit is in the critical flow regime.
17. The cooling system of claim 15 , wherein cavitation generated in the fluid pathway assists in the formation of the compression wave.
18. The cooling system of claim 15 , wherein during the phase change of the working fluid, a portion of the working fluid is introduced into a volume change compensation mechanism in fluid communication with the fluid pathway to compensate for the volume change associated with the phase change.