Pharmaceutical compositions comprising monoterpenes
The present invention provides a process for purifying a monoterpene or sesquiterpene having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The process comprises the steps of derivatizing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) to produce a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, separating the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, and releasing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) from the derivative. Also encompassed by the scope of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The purified monoterpene can be used to treat a disease such as cancer. The present monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) may be administered alone, or may be co-administered with radiation or other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents.
1. A process for purifying (S)-perillyl alcohol comprising the steps of:
(a) derivatizing a mixture comprising (S)-perillyl alcohol to form a perillyl alcohol derivative, wherein the perillyl alcohol derivative is a benzoate ester and has at least one property that allows it to be separated from the mixture;
(b) separating the perillyl alcohol derivative from the mixture using the property for separation;
(c) releasing the (S)-perillyl alcohol from the perillyl alcohol derivative from step (b); and,
(d) isolating the (S)-perillyl alcohol from step (c),
wherein the (S)-perillyl alcohol has a purity of greater than 98.5% (w/w).
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the property of the perillyl alcohol derivative is to form crystals, and wherein the separation in step (b) is through crystallization.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the separation in step (b) is through chromatography.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the benzoate ester is 3,5-dinitrobenzoate ester.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises natural-product-derived or other impurities.
6. (S)-perillyl alcohol having a purity of greater than 98.5% (w/w).
7. The (S)-perillyl alcohol of claim 6 , wherein the (S)-perillyl alcohol is in a pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the (S)-perillyl alcohol in the pharmaceutical composition ranges from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 100% (w/w).
8. The (S)-perillyl alcohol of claim 6 , wherein the (S)-perillyl alcohol is in a pharmaceutical composition, and wherein the pharmaceutical composition also comprises a chemotherapeutic agent.
9. The (S)-perillyl alcohol of claim 8 , wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of a DNA alkylating agent, a topoisomerase inhibitor, an endoplasmic reticulum stress inducing agent, a platinum compound, an antimetabolite, an enzyme inhibitor, a receptor antagonist, and a therapeutic antibody.
10. The (S)-perillyl alcohol of claim 8 , wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC), irinotecan (CPT-11), temozolomide or rolipram.
11. The (S)-perillyl alcohol of claim 7 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered before, during or after radiation.
12. The (S)-perillyl alcohol of claim 7 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered before, during or after the administration of a chemotherapeutic agent.
13. The (S)-perillyl alcohol of claim 7 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered by inhalation, intranasally, orally, intravenously, subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
14. The (S)-perillyl alcohol of claim 6 , wherein the purity is chiral purity.
15. An article of manufacture comprising (S)-perillyl alcohol formulated for intranasal administration, and a device for intranasal administration of the (S)-perillyl alcohol, wherein the (S)-perillyl alcohol has a purity of greater than 98.5% (w/w).
16. The article of manufacture of claim 15 , wherein the article of manufacture is a kit.
17. The article of manufacture of claim 15 , wherein the device is an intranasal spray device, an atomizer, a nebulizer, a metered dose inhaler (MDI), a pressurized dose inhaler, an insufflator, an intranasal inhaler, a nasal spray bottle, a unit dose container, a pump, a dropper, a squeeze bottle, or a bi-directional device.
18. The article of manufacture of claim 15 , further comprising printed matter, wherein the printed matter states the (S)-perillyl alcohol is to be used to treat glioblastoma cancer.
19. The article of manufacture of claim 18 , wherein the printed matter further states the (S)-perillyl alcohol is to be administered alone, or administered in combination with radiation, surgery or chemotherapeutic agents.