Polymer compositions, polymer films and methods and precursors for forming same
Stable, high performance polymer compositions including polybenzimidazole (PBI) and a melamine-formaldehyde polymer, such as methylated, poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde), for forming structures such as films, fibers and bulky structures. The polymer compositions may be formed by combining polybenzimidazole with the melamine-formaldehyde polymer to form a precursor. The polybenzimidazole may be reacted and/or intertwined with the melamine-formaldehyde polymer to form the polymer composition. For example, a stable, free-standing film having a thickness of, for example, between about 5 μm and about 30 μm may be formed from the polymer composition. Such films may be used as gas separation membranes and may be submerged into water for extended periods without crazing and cracking. The polymer composition may also be used as a coating on substrates, such as metal and ceramics, or may be used for spinning fibers. Precursors for forming such polymer compositions are also disclosed.
1. A polymer composition, comprising:
at least one polybenzimidazole segment; and
at least one melamine-formaldehyde polymer segment at least partially intertwined with the at least one polybenzimidazole segment.
2. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one melamine-formaldehyde polymer segment comprises at least one methylated, poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) segment.
3. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the at least one polybenzimidazole segment within the polymer composition is greater than a concentration of the at least one melamine-formaldehyde polymer segment within the polymer composition.
4. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one melamine-formaldehyde polymer segment is bonded to at least a portion of nitrogen atoms of the at least one polybenzimidazole segment.
5. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition is substantially free of acidic compounds and lithium salts.
6. A polymer film, comprising:
a film of a polymer composition, the polymer composition comprising:
at least one polybenzimidazole segment; and
at least one melamine-formaldehyde segment at least partially intertwined with the at least one polybenzimidazole segment.
7. The polymer film of claim 6 , wherein a melamine-formaldehyde polymer of the at least one melamine-formaldehyde segment comprises methylated, poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde).
8. The polymer film of claim 6 , wherein the film of the polymer composition has a thickness of between about 0.5 μm and about 100 μm.
9. The polymer film of claim 6 , wherein the film of the polymer composition has a thickness of between about 5 μm and about 30 μm.
10. The polymer film of claim 6 , wherein the film of the polymer composition is substantially flexible.
11. The polymer film of claim 6 , wherein the at least one melamine-formaldehyde segment is reacted with at least a portion of nitrogen atoms of the at least one polybenzimidazole segment.
12. The polymer film of claim 6 , wherein the film of the polymer composition exhibits substantially increased hydrogen permeability and hydrogen/carbon dioxide separation over time.
13. A method for forming a polymer composition, comprising:
combining a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and polybenzimidazole to form a mixture; and
heating the mixture to form a polymer composition, the melamine-formaldehyde polymer at least partially intertwined with the polybenzimidazole.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein combining a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and polybenzimidazole to form a mixture comprises forming the mixture comprising less than or equal to about 40% by weight of the melamine-formaldehyde polymer.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein combining a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and polybenzimidazole to form a mixture comprises forming the mixture comprising between about 10% by weight and about 20% by weight of the melamine-formaldehyde polymer.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein combining a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and polybenzimidazole to form a mixture comprises forming the mixture comprising a ratio of between about 1:1 and about 20:1 of the melamine-formaldehyde polymer to the polybenzimidazole.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein combining a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and polybenzimidazole to form a mixture comprises forming the mixture comprising a ratio of between about 2:1 and about 5:1 of the melamine-formaldehyde polymer to the polybenzimidazole.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein combining a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and polybenzimidazole to form a mixture comprising forming the mixture consisting of methylated, poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde), the polybenzimidazole, and at least one solvent.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein heating the mixture to form a polymer composition comprises reacting the melamine-formaldehyde polymer with the polybenzimidazole to form the polymer composition.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein reacting the melamine-formaldehyde polymer with the polybenzimidazole to form the polymer composition comprises bonding methylated, poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) to at least a portion of nitrogen atoms of the polybenzimidazole.
21. The method of claim 13 , wherein combining a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and polybenzimidazole to form a mixture comprises:
dissolving the polybenzimidazole into a polar, aprotic solvent to form a polybenzimidazole solution;
dissolving methylated, poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) into an organic solvent to form a methylated, poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) solution; and
combining the polybenzimidazole solution and the methylated, poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) solution to form the mixture.
22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising heating the mixture to a temperature of between about 150° C. and about 250° C. to remove the polar, aprotic solvent and the organic solvent.