Lithographic apparatus and method

1. A lithographic projection apparatus comprising:

a substrate table configured to support a substrate on a substrate supporting area, the substrate table comprising a plurality of heaters and/or temperature sensors adjacent a central portion of the substrate supporting area, the plurality of heaters and/or sensors being elongate, and heater elements configured to receive electricity of the plurality of heaters overlaying a surface between burls of the substrate supporting area and being horizontally separated from the burls, and/or sensing elements of the plurality of temperature sensors overlaying a surface between burls of the substrate supporting area.

2. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of heaters and/or sensors are elongate in substantially parallel directions.

3. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of heaters and/or sensors extend across the substrate supporting area from one edge to an opposite edge.

4. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of heaters are elongate in a first direction such that the length of time a given heater and/or temperature sensor is under a projection system during imaging of a substrate is greater than if the heater and/or sensor were oriented with its elongate direction perpendicular to the first direction.

5. The lithographic apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the first direction is such that the length of time is maximized.

6. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the heater elements of the plurality of heaters and/or the sensing elements of the temperature sensors are comprised of a thin film.

7. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the heater element of each of the plurality of heaters and/or the sensing element of each of the temperature sensors comprises a line of material, in plan, which meanders in a tortuous path, in plan.

8. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate table further comprises a plurality of edge heaters adjacent (I) different portions of an edge of the substrate supporting area, or (ii) a chamber in the substrate table containing a fluid in both gaseous and liquid phases, or (iii) a passage adjacent the substrate supporting area for the passage of a thermal conditioning fluid therethrough, or (iv) any combination selected from (i)-(iii).

9. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate table comprises one heater and/or temperature sensor per die on the substrate.

10. The lithographic apparatus of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of the heaters and a plurality of the temperature sensors.

11. The lithographic apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of heaters and plurality of temperature sensors are, in plan, laid out in a two dimensional grid.

12. The lithographic apparatus of claim 10 , wherein each heater is integrated with a corresponding temperature sensor.

13. The lithographic apparatus of claim 10 , wherein each of the plurality of heaters is associated with a corresponding one of the plurality of temperature sensors.

14. The lithographic apparatus of claim 13 , wherein a heater and an associated sensor form a self-regulating thermal system.

15. The lithographic apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the self-regulating thermal system is configured to activate or deactivate the heater due to local change in temperature.

16. The lithographic apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the heater and associated sensor form a micro-electro-mechanical system.

17. The lithographic apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the associated sensor comprises a thermally activated switch.

18. The lithographic apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the heater and associated sensor are a self-regulated heater having an electromagnetic property that varies as a function of temperature such that a change in temperature results in a change in heat output at constant applied voltage.

19. A lithographic apparatus comprising:

a substrate table configured to support a substrate on a substrate supporting area; and

a heater and/or a temperature sensor which extends across the substrate supporting area from one edge to an opposite edge, a heater element configured to receive electricity of the heater overlaying a surface of the substrate supporting area between burl parts of the substrate supporting area and being horizontally separated from the burl parts and/or a sensing element of the temperature sensor overlaying a surface of the substrate supporting area between burl parts of the substrate supporting area and being horizontally separated from the burl parts.

20. The lithographic apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the heater element and/or sensing element are formed on the surface as a thin film.

21. A lithographic apparatus comprising:

a substrate table configured to support a substrate on a substrate supporting area; and

a heater and a temperature sensor integrated with each other, a heater element configured to receive electricity of the heater overlaying a surface of the substrate supporting area between burl parts of the substrate supporting area and being horizontally separated from the burl parts and a sensing element of the temperature sensor overlaying a surface of the substrate supporting area between burl parts of the substrate supporting area.

22. The lithographic apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the heater element of the heater and the sensing element of the temperature sensor are formed on a surface.

23. The lithographic apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the heater element and the sensing element are formed as a thin film.

24. A substrate table configured to support a substrate on a substrate supporting area, the substrate table comprising a heater element of a heater, the heater element configured to receive electricity and overlaying a surface between burl parts of the substrate supporting area, the heater element located at a position horizontally separated from the burl parts, and/or the substrate table comprising a sensing element of a temperature sensor overlaying a surface between burl parts of the substrate supporting area and being horizontally separated from the burl parts.

25. The substrate table of claim 24 , wherein the heater element and/or sensing element are formed on the surface as a thin film.

26. The substrate table of claim 25 , wherein the heater element and the sensing element are integrated with each other.