Carbon composition with hierarchical porosity, and methods of preparation
A method for fabricating a porous carbon material possessing a hierarchical porosity, the method comprising subjecting a precursor composition to a curing step followed by a carbonization step, the precursor composition comprising: (i) a templating component comprised of a block copolymer, (ii) a phenolic component, (iii) a dione component in which carbonyl groups are adjacent, and (iv) an acidic component, wherein said carbonization step comprises heating the precursor composition at a carbonizing temperature for sufficient time to convert the precursor composition to a carbon material possessing a hierarchical porosity comprised of mesopores and macropores. Also described are the resulting hierarchical porous carbon material, a capacitive deionization device in which the porous carbon material is incorporated, as well as methods for desalinating water by use of said capacitive deionization device.
1. A porous carbon film possessing a hierarchical porosity comprised of mesopores and macropores, wherein said mesopores have a size in the range of 2-50 nm and said macropores have a size greater than 100 nm and less than 1000 nm, and wherein at least a portion of said porous carbon film is amorphous.
2. The porous carbon film of claim 1 , wherein said mesopores have a size in the range of 2-20 nm and said macropores have a size greater than 100 nm and up to 500 nm.
3. The porous carbon film of claim 1 , wherein said mesopores have a size uniformity characterized by a degree of variation of up to ±2.5 nm.
4. The porous carbon film of claim 1 , wherein said porous carbon film has a thickness of up to 5 millimeters.
5. The porous carbon film of claim 1 , wherein said porous carbon film has a thickness of up to 100 microns.
6. The porous carbon film of claim 1 , wherein said porous carbon film is a coating on an electrically-conducting substrate suitable as an electrode.
7. The porous carbon film of claim 6 , wherein said electrically-conducting substrate is comprised of an electrically conductive carbon material.
8. The porous carbon film of claim 7 , wherein said electrically conductive carbon material is graphite.
9. The porous carbon film of claim 1 , wherein said amorphous portion is in an amount equal to or greater than a graphitic portion.
10. A porous carbon material possessing a hierarchical porosity comprised of mesopores and macropores, wherein said mesopores have a size in the range of 2-50 nm and said macropores have a size greater than 100 nm and less than 1000 nm, wherein at least a portion of said porous carbon material is amorphous, and wherein said mesopores have a size uniformity characterized by a degree of variation of up to ±2.5 nm.