Staring imaging grating spectrometer for detection of projectiles
A detection system comprising detection processing means, spectral discrimination means, and temporal tracking and declaration processing means which cooperate to detect and declare a missile launch. A spatial filter isolates discrete spectral features in an image from a detector array. The discrete spectral features must pass a threshold, which may be adaptive. In a spectral discrimination step, the pixel-to-pixel separation for those pixels passing the spatial filter step is compared to a predetermined pixel spacing. The predetermined pixel spacing is determined from the optical setup and a spectral feature of interest that is contained within the emission from, for example, an ignited rocket motor or other fired projectile. In a temporal step, the pixels that have met the other criteria are tracked as candidate detections, which are declared a threat if they display characteristics of a moving threat, e.g., a MANPADS missile, RPG, mortar or the like.
1. A detection system with a staring imaging spectrometer, comprising:
a dispersive optical element;
a staring detector array in optical alignment with said dispersive optical element;
a lens mounted between and in optical alignment with said dispersive optical element and said staring detector array;
wherein said detector array has a two-dimensional array of pixels exposed substantially simultaneously to incoming light from a distant object and, in conjunction with said dispersive optical element, produces a two-dimensional image with spectral information combined with spatial information in at least one dimension;
detection processing means, coupled to said staring detector array, including a spatial filter for isolating discrete spectral features in the image from said detector array, and threshold detection means for detecting among said discrete spectral features the pixels having an intensity above a threshold;
spectral discrimination means for discriminating among the pixels above said threshold on the basis of inter-pixel spacing, said spectral discrimination means detecting pixels above said threshold that are separated by a predetermined pixel spacing; and
temporal tracking and declaration processing means including means for tracking the pixels with said predetermined pixel spacing as candidate detections, and means for identifying a candidate detection as a threat if it persists and has defined characteristics of an airborne moving object.
2. The detection system of claim 1 , wherein said dispersive optical element is a transmission grating.
3. The detection system of claim 1 , wherein said dispersive optical element is a reflection grating.
4. The detection system of claim 2 , further comprising a narrowband filter positioned in front of said transmission grating in the path of incoming light.
5. The detection system of claim 4 , wherein said predetermined pixel spacing corresponds to spectral features contained within spectra emitted from a plume of a fired projectile.
6. The detection system of claim 5 , wherein said spectral features include a plurality of distinct spectral lines.
7. The detection system of claim 5 , wherein said predetermined pixel spacing corresponds to a potassium doublet.
8. The detection system of claim 1 , wherein said system is adapted to exclude uniform extended sources, and track only light source points that are small and have longitudinal and lateral coherence.
9. A method of detecting an airborne moving object with a staring imaging spectrometer having a dispersive optical element, comprising:
providing a staring detector array in optical alignment with said dispersive optical element and an intermediate lens;
wherein said detector array has a two-dimensional array of pixels exposed substantially simultaneously to incoming light from a distant object and, in conjunction with said dispersive optical element, produces a two-dimensional image with spectral information combined with spatial information in at least one dimension;
processing an image from said staring detector array, including spatial filtering for isolating discrete spectral features in the image from said detector array, and threshold detection for detecting among said discrete spectral features the pixels having an intensity above a threshold;
discriminating among the pixels above said threshold on the basis of inter-pixel spacing, detecting pixels above said threshold that are separated by a predetermined pixel spacing; and
tracking the pixels with said predetermined pixel spacing as candidate detections and identifying a candidate detection as a threat if it persists and has defined characteristics of an airborne moving object.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said dispersive optical element is a transmission grating.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein said dispersive optical element is a reflection grating.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein a narrowband filter is positioned in front of said transmission grating in the path of incoming light.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said predetermined pixel spacing corresponds to spectral features contained within spectra emitted from a plume of a fired projectile.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said spectral features include a plurality of distinct spectral lines.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein said predetermined pixel spacing corresponds to a potassium doublet.
16. The method of claim 9 , wherein uniform extended sources are excluded and said tracking is limited to light source points that are small and have longitudinal and lateral coherence.