Modification of feed consumption patterns in beef cattle rations
The present invention relates to feed compositions that can modify the feeding behavior of animals. Supplements can be added to no or low roughage rations that improve the performance of animals. In particular, the addition of calcium chloride to a low or no roughage ration can increase the number of feedings but decrease the amount of feeding per meal. This can result in promoting enhances feed conversion and better cost of feed to weight gain.
1. A method of modifying feeding behavior in confined cattle comprising:
confining the cattle, wherein the cattle are steers; and
feeding the cattle a daily ration of a feed composition comprising
roughage at about 2 percent by weight to about 5 percent by weight of the total feed on a dry matter basis, the roughage comprising at least one of grass, hay, silage, fodder, corn cobs or cottonseed hulls, and
calcium chloride between about 0.2 weight percent and about 0.3 weight percent on a dry matter basis,
wherein, compared to a conventional ration with about 8-15 weight percent roughage, the feeding results in more frequent feedings, less intake per feeding, increased daily gain, and improved conversion.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the feed further comprises fish oil.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the fish oil is less than about 0.5 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the feed further comprises diammonium phosphate.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the diammonium phosphate is less than about 0.25 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the feed further comprises ammonium sulfate.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the ammonium sulfate is less than about 0.45 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the roughage is about 2 percent by weight on a dry matter basis.
9. A method of modifying feeding behavior in cattle comprising:
adding about 0.15 weight percent to about 0.40 weight percent calcium chloride on a dry matter basis to a daily ration of a low roughage feed for cattle;
adding about 0.10 weight percent to about 0.21 weight percent fish oil on a dry matter basis to the daily ration;
feeding the cattle the daily ration of feed;
wherein the cattle are steers;
wherein in response to ingesting the daily feed ration, the cattle feeds more times per day and consumes less feed per feeding than compared to cattle fed a conventional daily ration of about 8-10 weight percent roughage on a dry matter basis;
wherein the roughage is between about 1 percent by weight and about 5 percent by weight of the total feed on a dry matter basis; and
wherein the roughage comprises at least one of grass, hay, silage, fodder, corn cobs or cottonseed hulls.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the roughage is about 2 percent by weight on a dry matter basis.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the calcium chloride is between about 0.2 weight percent and about 0.3 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the feed further comprises diammonium phosphate.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the diammonium phosphate is less than about 0.25 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the feed further comprises ammonium sulfate.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the ammonium sulfate is less than about 0.45 weight percent on a dry matter basis.