Polymeric ionic liquids, methods of making and methods of use thereof

1. A method for producing an absorbent material, comprising:

combining one or more ionic liquid (IL) monomers and polymerizing the one or more ionic liquid (IL) monomers to produce a non-crosslinked polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) material, and

forming at least a partial coating of the non-crosslinked PIL material on a support, wherein the non-crosslinked PIL material comprises a cationic component having the formula of XR 4 + , wherein X is N, P, or As, and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a proton, an aliphatic group, a cyclic group, and an aromatic group;

wherein the one or more monomers are polymerized by reaction of at least one free silanol group on the surface of a fused silica support with at least one vinyl-terminated organoalkoxysilane.

2. A method for producing an absorbent material, comprising:

combining one or more ionic liquid (IL) monomers and polymerizing the one or more ionic liquid (IL) monomers to produce a non-crosslinked polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) material, and

forming at least a partial coating of the non-crosslinked PIL material on a support;

wherein the non-crosslinked PIL material comprises a cationic component having the formula of XR 4 + , wherein X is N, P, or As, and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a proton, an aliphatic group, a cyclic group, and an aromatic group; and

wherein the non-crosslinked PIL material comprises an anionic group comprising an amino acid component, bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide, or any anion containing i) fluorine groups and ii) primary, secondary, or tertiary amine groups,

wherein the anionic group comprises a taurate component.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the non-crosslinked PIL material is mixed with at least one other polymeric system selected from the group consisting of PDMS, PEG, PA, and silicone oils.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the support comprises one or more fibers, stir bars, fused silica capillaries, fused silica supports, small inner diameter fused silica supports, and combinations thereof, at least partially coated with the at least one non-crosslinked PIL material.

5. The method of claim 2 , further including tuning one or more of chemical and physical properties of the non-crosslinked PIL material through one or more of: i) choice of the anion, and ii) modification of the cation structure.

6. A solid phase microextraction material (SPME) for solid phase microextraction comprising an absorbent material made by the method of claim 2 .

7. The solid phase microextraction material of claim 6 wherein the support comprises one or more fibers at least partially coated with the non-crosslinked polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) material.

8. The solid phase microextraction material of claim 6 , wherein the non-crosslinked PIL material includes one or more extraction additives or phase modifiers that aid in selectively increasing the extraction efficiency or promoting wetting of glass or metal substrates, wherein the extraction additives or phase modifiers comprise one or more of: micelles, monomer surfactants, cyclodextrins, nanoparticles, or synthetic macrocycles.

9. A device comprising the solid phase microextraction material of claim 6 , wherein the non-crosslinked polymerized ionic liquid (PIL) material is adaptable to desorption after exposure to one or more analytes.