Surgical intervention device comprising an instrument likely to deform

1. A surgical intervention device, comprising:

a surgical instrument capable of passing through human or animal tissue; the surgical instrument including a needle or a rod;

a system comprising “passive” components capable of measuring a deformation or a local strain of the instrument; and

wherein the system comprises at least two series of passive components arranged at the surface of the instrument so as to set up a biunivocal relation between the position of the instrument or the position of the distal end of the instrument and all the data issuing from the series.

2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises at least two series of passive components arranged according to two generatrices of the surface of the instrument belonging to two distinct planes passing through the axis of the instrument, defining a referential in a plane orthogonal to the axis of the instrument.

3. The device as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the passive components comprise electromechanical microsystems.

4. The device as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the passive components are incorporated into the surface of the instrument.

5. The device as claimed in claim 4 , wherein each series of passive components comprises a single passive component which comprises a conductive element in the form of at least one longitudinally wound coil, extending parallel to the axis of the instrument over substantially the entire length of the instrument.

6. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the instrument has at least one deformable zone, such as a decrease in local thickness, an articulation, or a combination of both, and the passive components are arranged on the zone.

7. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises at least two series of “active” components capable of imposing a local strain on the instrument, arranged at the surface of the instrument.

8. A production process of a device as claimed in claim 1 , comprising incorporating in the surface of the instrument passive components, by micro-production techniques.

9. The device as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the system comprises at least two series of active components arranged on at least one preferential deformation zone of the instrument.

10. The device as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the active components comprise electromechanical microsystems.

11. The device as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the active components are incorporated into the surface of the instrument.

12. The device as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the passive components of each series are distributed substantially over the entire length of the surgical instrument and the active components are arranged on at least one preferential deformation zone of the distal part of the instrument.

13. The device as claimed in claim 7 , further comprising a coupling system of the passive and active components.

14. A process for determining the position of the distal end of a surgical instrument capable of passing through human or animal tissue, the surgical instrument consisting of a needle or a rod, the process comprising:

the arrangement, at the surface of the instrument, of at least two series of “passive” components capable of measuring deformation or a local strain of the instrument;

calibration in which a biunivocal relation is set up between all the data originating from each series of passive components and the position of the instrument or the position of the distal end of the instrument; and

where required, the arrangement at the surface of the instrument of at least two series of “active” components capable of imposing a local strain on the instrument.

15. The process as claimed in claim 14 , further comprising a localisation step of the target to be reached and of the distal end of the instrument.

16. A production process as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the device further comprises at least two series of “active” components capable of imposing a local strain on the instrument, arranged at the surface of the instrument, the process comprising incorporating the active components in the surface of the instrument by micro-production techniques.

17. A surgical intervention device, comprising:

a surgical instrument for percutaneous medical procedures presenting a circumferential surface and a distal end;

a system comprising passive components capable of measuring a deformation or a local strain of the surgical instrument; and

the system comprising at least a first series of passive components and a second series of passive components arranged about the circumferential surface of the surgical instrument to generate a biunivocal relation between a position of the surgical instrument or a position of the distal end of the surgical instrument and all data issuing from the first and second series.

18. The device as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the distal end of the surgical instrument presents a bevel defining a point for puncturing human or animal tissue.

19. The device as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the first and second series of passive components are arranged according to two generatrices of the circumferential surface belonging to two distinct planes passing through an axis of the surgical instrument and defining a referential in a plane orthogonal to the axis, the first series of passive components being radially aligned with the point of the bevel.