Antibody-secreting cell assay
An improved assay is described where a surface is provided with immobilized anti-Ig antibodies rather than antigen and where specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) are detected using soluble antigen probes containing one of several possible labels. The method gives improved sensitivity with less background and is also more representative because antigen binding does not employ immobilized antigen. The assay is particularly effective for measuring antibody secreting cells against HIV, for determining whether an infection is acute as opposed to old or latent, for mapping epitopes and for measuring for ASCs against different antigens in the same reaction.
1. A method of detecting antibody secreting cells specific for an antigen in a sample from a subject, the method comprising:
(a) providing:
(i) a sample comprising antibody secreting cells;
(ii) a surface on which anti-Ig antibodies are immobilized, wherein the surface is the base of a well; and
(iii) a plurality of different antigens from different infectious pathogens, tumour
antigens, autoimmune proteins or allergens, which are each differently fluorescently labelled;
(b) contacting the sample and the surface under conditions suitable for antibodies produced by the antibody secreting cells to bind to the immobilised anti-Ig antibodies on the surface;
(c) removing the antibody secreting cells by washing;
(d) contacting the surface with the plurality of differently fluorescently labelled antigens under conditions suitable for the differently labelled antigens to bind to antibodies specific for the antigens; and
(e) detecting any labelled antigens captured on the surface through the presence of fluorescent signals produced by said labelled antigens, wherein the detectable fluorescent signals are present as spots on the surface.
2. The method according to claim 1 , where the method further comprises determining the number of spots via fluorescence.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sample is a sample of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject has potentially been exposed to an infectious agent but does not show any signs of infection.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the infectious agent is HIV.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein at least one of the plurality of different antigens is an envelope glycoprotein.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject has serum/plasma antibodies to at least one of the antigens and the presence of antibody-secreting cells specific for the at least one antigen indicates that the subject has acute infection or the absence of antibody-secreting cells specific for the antigens indicates that the subject has previously been exposed to the antigens.
8. The method according to claim 1 , where the plurality of different antigens are from a plurality of pathogens, allowing which pathogen is infecting the subject to be determined.
9. A kit for detecting or measuring Antibody Secreting Cells (ASCs) producing antibodies against a plurality of different antigens from different infectious pathogens, tumour antigens, autoimmune proteins or allergens, which kit comprises:
(i) a surface on which anti-Ig antibodies are immobilised, wherein the surface is the base of a well; and
(ii) said plurality of different antigens from different infectious
pathogens, tumour antigens, autoimmune proteins or allergens, where each is differently fluorescently labelled.
10. A method of detecting antibody secreting cells specific for an antigen in a sample from the subject, the method comprising:
(a) providing:
(i) a sample comprising antibody secreting cells;
(ii) a surface on which anti-Ig antibodies are immobilized, wherein the surface is the base of a well; and
(iii) a plurality of different antigens from different infectious pathogens, tumour antigens, autoimmune proteins or allergens, which are each differently labelled, where each different label is detectable via a different colour fluorochrome;
(b) contacting the sample and the surface under conditions suitable for antibodies produced by the antibody secreting cells to bind to the immobilised anti-Ig antibodies on the;
(c) removing the antibody secreting cells by washing;
(d) contacting the surface with the plurality of differently labelled antigens under conditions suitable for the differently labelled antigens to bind to antibodies specific for the antigens; and
(e) detecting any labelled antigen captured on the surface through the presence of fluorescent signals produced by said labelled antigens, where each different label is detected via a different colour fluorochrome, where the detectable fluorescent signals are present as differently coloured spots on the surface.
11. The method according to claim 10 , where at least one of the antigens is a HIV antigen.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antigens comprises three or four different antigens.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises B cells purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
14. The method of claim 1 , where the different antigens are from a plurality of pathogens which are different strains of the same pathogen and the different antigens are variant forms of the same antigen.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a child.
16. The kit of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of antigens comprises three or more different antigens.
17. The kit of claim 9 , where the plurality of different antigens are from a plurality of pathogens which are different strains of the same pathogen and the different antigens are variant forms of the same antigen.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the antigens comprises three different antigens.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein the sample comprises B cells purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
20. The method of claim 10 , where the plurality of different antigens are from a plurality of pathogens which are different strains of the same pathogen and the different antigens are variant forms of the same antigen.
21. The method of claim 10 , wherein the subject is a child.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of different antigens from different infectious pathogens, tumour antigens, autoimmune proteins or allergens, are each differently labelled with differently coloured fluorescent labels.
23. The kit of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of different antigens from different infectious pathogens, tumour antigens, autoimmune proteins or allergens, are each differently labelled with differently coloured labels.
24. The method of claim 10 , wherein said plurality of differently labelled antigens comprise three, four five or six different antigens from different infectious pathogens, tumour antigens, autoimmune proteins or allergens which each differently fluorescently labelled with differently coloured fluorochromes.