Hydrogels with network defects enhanced by nanoparticle incorporation
Compositions and methods are provided for the manufacture and use of hydrogels with increased permeability to macromolecules with minimum loss of matrix mechanical strength and prepolymer viscosity for patternability. The hydrogels of the invention are formed from a prepolymer, which is polymerized in the presence of hydrophobic nanoparticles. In some embodiments of the invention cells are present during polymerization, and are encapsulated by the hydrogel. A high interfacial energy between the hydrophobic substrate and the aqueous polymerizing solution disrupts the hydrogel network structure, leading to network defects that increase permeability without loss of patternability.
1. A cellular composition comprising:
viable liver cells encapsulated in a high permeability hydrogel with network defects resulting from introduction of hydrophobic nanoparticles;
wherein the composition is formed by combining in a precursor solution polyethylene glycol (PEG) diacrylate with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, in the presence of viable liver cells and a polymerization initiator,
wherein the diameter of the nanoparticles is from about 100 nm to about 100 μm diameter; and
wherein the concentration of the nanoparticles is from 0.01% to 1% weight/volume of the precursor solution.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogel comprises biologically active peptides or proteins.
3. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the biologically active peptides or proteins are linked to PEG.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the viable liver cells are primary cells.
5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogel is patterned into a nanostructure prior to polymerization.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymerization initiator is a photoinitiator.
7. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a composition according to claim 1 ; and
a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
8. The cellular composition of claim 1 , wherein the PEG diacrylate has a molecular weight of at least 2.5 K and not more than 20 K.
9. The cellular composition of claim 1 , wherein the PEG diacrylate is present in the precursor solution at a concentration of at least 7.5% and not more than 30%.