Peptide-coated nanoparticles with graded shell compositions
A peptide-coated nanoparticle that includes a nanocrystal surrounded by a graded shell that is composed of at least two different semiconductor molecules. At least one peptide is attached to the surface of the graded shell to render the nanoparticle biocompatible. The nanocrystal core and graded shell are optionally annealed with ultra violet radiation prior to and/or after attachment of the peptide(s).
1. A peptide-coated nanoparticle comprising:
a spherical nanocrystal core surrounded by a graded shell wherein said graded shell comprises at least two different semiconductor molecules; and
at least one peptide attached to a surface of said graded shell.
2. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 1 wherein said spherical nanocrystal core is a crystal having a diameter of from 1 to 10 nanometers.
3. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 1 wherein said graded shell comprises two different semiconductor molecules selected from the group consisting of ZnS, CdS, ZnSe and CdSe.
4. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 1 wherein said spherical nanocrystal core comprises one or more semiconductor molecules selected from group of molecules consisting of elements from columns II-IV, III-V or IV of the periodic table.
5. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 1 wherein said spherical nanocrystal core comprises CdSe.
6. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 1 wherein said graded shell comprises ZnS and CdS molecules.
7. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 1 wherein said graded shell comprises from 1 to 10 monolayers.
8. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 1 wherein a diameter of said spherical nanocrystal core is from 4 to 5 nanometers and said graded shell comprises from 3 to 6 monolayers.
9. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 1 wherein said peptide attached to the surface of said graded shell comprises:
a surface recognition part that is bound to the surface of said graded shell and one or more functional parts, said surface recognition part including an amino-end and a carboxy-end and comprising one or more hydrophobic spacers and one or more binding clusters and wherein said functional part(s) is attached to said surface recognition part at said amino-end and/or said carboxy-end.
10. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 9 wherein said binding cluster comprises an amino acid selected from the group consisting of cysteine, methionine, histidine and derivatives thereof.
11. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 10 where said binding cluster consists essentially of two cysteines.
12. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 9 wherein said hydrophobic spacer is a hydrophobic amino acid selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic alanine, hydrophobic glycine, hydrophobic isoleucine, hydrophobic leucine, hydrophobic methionine, hydrophobic arginine, hydrophobic valine, hydrophobic tryptophan and derivatives thereof.
13. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 12 wherein said hydrophobic amino acid is hydrophobic alanine.
14. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 13 wherein said hydrophobic alanine is cyclohexyl-substituted alanine.
15. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 9 wherein said surface recognition part comprises at least three binding clusters which are alternately located between at least four hydrophobic spacers.
16. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 15 wherein said binding clusters each consists essentially of two cysteines and said hydrophobic spacers each consists essentially of cyclohexyl-substituted alanine.
17. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 9 wherein said functional part(s) comprises one or more functional agent(s) selected from the group consisting of solubility agents, conjugation agents, targeting agents, therapeutic agents, imaging agents, detection agents, recognition agents and diagnostic agents.
18. A peptide-coated nanoparticle according to claim 1 wherein said spherical nanocrystal core surrounded by said graded shell is annealed with ultra violet radiation prior to and /or after attachment of said peptide to the surface of said graded shell.