Method for forming a nano-textured substrate
A method for forming a nano-textured surface on a substrate is disclosed. An illustrative embodiment of the present invention comprises dispensing of a nanoparticle ink of nanoparticles and solvent onto the surface of a substrate, distributing the ink to form substantially uniform, liquid nascent layer of the ink, and enabling the solvent to evaporate from the nanoparticle ink thereby inducing the nanoparticles to assemble into an texture layer. Methods in accordance with the present invention enable rapid formation of large-area substrates having a nano-textured surface. Embodiments of the present invention are well suited for texturing substrates using high-speed, large scale, roll-to-roll coating equipment, such as that used in office product, film coating, and flexible packaging applications. Further, embodiments of the present invention are well suited for use with rigid or flexible substrates.
1. A method for forming a textured surface on a substrate, the method comprising:
providing a first material comprising nanoparticles and a first solvent;
dispensing the first material on a first surface of the substrate;
establishing a relative motion between the substrate and a tool that is physically separated from the substrate by a first barrier, wherein the relative motion between the tool and the substrate distributes first material substantially completely over the first surface and forms a first layer having a substantially uniform thickness and at least one monolayer of nanoparticles;
enabling the removal of the first solvent from the first layer; and
controlling the number of nanoparticle monolayers in the first layer by controlling a concentration of the nanoparticles in the first material to within a range of approximately 10 grams/liter to approximately 400 grams/liter.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of nanoparticles in the first material is one of approximately 50 grams/liter, approximately 100 grams/liter, or approximately 200 grams/liter.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing the first material such that the first solvent comprises an alcohol and a liquid polymer.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the first material is provided such that the alcohol is ethanol and the liquid polymer is poly-4-vinylphenol.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing the first material such that the nanoparticles comprise silica.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the first material is provided such that the nanoparticles have an average diameter within the range of approximately 100 nm to approximately 600 nm.
7. A method for forming a textured surface on a substrate, the method comprising:
providing a first material, wherein the first material comprises nanoparticles and a first solvent, the first solvent comprises an alcohol and poly-4-vinylphenol;
dispensing the first material on a first surface of a substrate;
establishing a relative motion between the substrate and a tool that is physically separated from the substrate by a first barrier, wherein the relative motion between the tool and the substrate distributes first material substantially completely over the first surface and forms a first layer having a substantially uniform thickness and at least one monolayer of nanoparticles, and wherein the thickness of the first layer is based on the barrier; and
enabling evaporation of the first solvent from the first layer.
8. The method of claim 7 further comprising providing the barrier as a wire that is wrapped around the tool, wherein thickness of the first layer is substantially equal to the diameter of the wire.
9. The method of claim 7 further comprising providing the barrier as at least one groove formed in the tool, wherein thickness of the first layer is substantially equal to the depth of the groove.
10. The method of claim 7 further comprising providing the barrier as a frame that interposes the first surface and the tool, wherein the thickness of the first layer is substantially equal to the thickness of the frame.