Multiple wavelength raman laser

1. A laser system, comprising:

a Raman fiber that is configured to act as a multiple wavelength Raman laser configured to receive a pulsed input beam from an input source and convert the input beam to an output beam having narrow band outputs at two or more frequencies including a first frequency v 1 and a second frequency v 2 ;

a nonlinear crystal, wherein an output of the Raman fiber is focused into the nonlinear crystal; and

a pulsed laser input source optically coupled to the Raman fiber, wherein the pulsed input source is configured to provide the pulsed input beam, wherein the pulsed input beam is characterized by pulses having a rise time or fall time that is less than a pulse width for the pulses, wherein the pulses are configured such that a figure of merit (FOM) for the pulses is greater than about 60%, wherein the FOM is given by a percentage conversion of the input beam to a Raman wavelength corresponding to the first frequency when the power in a second Raman wavelength corresponding to the second frequency is about 2% of an input power of the input beam.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the nonlinear crystal is a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein the PPLN crystal is doped with magnesium oxide (MgO).

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the nonlinear crystal is a periodically poles material having two or more poling regions that include a first poling region configured for frequency doubling of the first frequency v 1 , a second poling region configured for frequency doubling of the second frequency v 2 , and a third poling region configured for frequency summing of the first and second frequencies v 1 and v 2 .

5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a translation stage, wherein the nonlinear crystal is a periodically poled material and the periodically poled material is mounted to the translation stage, wherein the translation stage is configured to translate the periodically poled material with respect to the output beam to align the output beam with a desired poling region.

6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a first grating proximate an input end of the fiber and a second grating region proximate an output end of the fiber, wherein the gratings are configured to reflect the first and second frequency outputs but to transmit the input beam.

7. The system of claim 6 wherein a distance between the first and second gratings is configured such that a round trip time between the gratings is an integer multiple of a time between pulses of the input beam.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein the gratings are configured to reflect light over a narrow bandwidth of about 1 nm or less at the first frequency v 1 and the second frequency v 2 .

9. The system of claim 7 wherein the first grating has a reflectivity greater than about 95% and the second grating as a reflectivity between about 1% and about 5%.

10. The system of claim 7 wherein the first and second gratings are configured to reflect two or more Raman lines generated in the Raman fiber.

11. The system of claim 7 further comprising a passive optical fiber optically having an input end and an output end, wherein the output end is optically coupled to the input of the Raman fiber, wherein the passive optical fiber is configured to convert at least a portion of a pump radiation by the Raman effect to generate the input beam.

12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the nonlinear crystal is a periodically poled material having two or more poling regions, wherein the two or more poling regions are characterized by different poling periods.

13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the nonlinear crystal is a periodically poled material.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the periodically poled material includes two or more poling regions arranged side-by-side, wherein each poling region is configured for a different non-linear frequency conversion.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the periodically poled material is configured to selectively generate light characterized by a desired frequency of one of the two or more output frequencies by moving the nonlinear crystal laterally relative to the output beam to select a poling region that creates light of the desired frequency.

16. A laser system, comprising:

a source of pulsed input radiation, wherein the pulsed input radiation is characterized by pulses having a rise time or fall time that is less than a pulse width for the pulses;

a Raman fiber optically coupled to the source of pulsed input radiation, wherein the Raman fiber is configured to convert at least a portion of the pulsed input radiation to an output beam including first and second Raman lines, wherein the first and second Raman lines are respectively characterized by first and second frequencies v1 and v2, wherein the pulses are configured such that a figure of merit (FOM) for the pulses is greater than about 60%, wherein the FOM is given by a percentage conversion of the input beam to a Raman wavelength corresponding to the first frequency when the power in a second Raman wavelength corresponding to the second frequency is about 2% of an input power of the input beam;

wherein the fiber includes a first grating proximate an input end of the Raman fiber and a second grating proximate an output end of the Raman fiber, wherein the first and second gratings are configured to reflect the first and second Raman lines but to transmit the input radiation,

wherein a round trip time between the gratings is an integer multiple of a time between pulses of the input beam,

wherein the gratings are configured to reflect light over a narrow bandwidth of about 1 nm or less at the first frequency v1 and the second frequency v2

wherein the first grating has a reflectivity greater than about 95% for the first and second Raman lines and the second grating as a reflectivity between about 1% and about 5% for the first and second Raman lines;

a single periodically-poled nonlinear crystal optically coupled to an output of the Raman fiber, wherein the single periodically-poled nonlinear crystal includes two or more poling regions arranged side-by-side, wherein each poling region is configured for a different non-linear frequency conversion involving the first and/or second Raman lines; and

a translation stage, wherein the single periodically-poled nonlinear crystal is mounted to the translation stage, wherein the translation stage is configured to translate periodically poled material with respect to the output beam to align the output beam with a desired poling region.