Iodide scintillator for radiation detection
The present disclosure discloses, in one arrangement, a single crystalline iodide scintillator material having a composition of the formula AM 1−x Eu x I 3 , A 3 M 1−x Eu x I 5 and AM 2(1−x) Eu 2x I 5 , wherein A consists essentially of any alkali metal element (such as Li, Na K, Rb, Cs) or any combination thereof, M consists essentially of Sr, Ca, Ba or any combination thereof, and 0≦x≦1. In another arrangement, the above single crystalline iodide scintillator material can be made by first synthesizing a compound of the above composition and then forming a single crystal from the synthesized compound by, for example, the Vertical Gradient Freeze method. Applications of the iodide scintillator materials include radiation detectors and their use in medical and security imaging.
1. A scintillator material comprising a single crystal having a composition of the formula
AM 1−x Eu x I 3 ,
A 3 M 1−x Eu x I 5 , or
AM 2(1−x) Eu 2x I 5 ,
wherein:
A consists essentially of any alkali metal element or any combination thereof,
M consists essentially of Sr, Ca, Ba or any combination thereof, and
0≦x≦1.
2. The scintillator material of claim 1 , the single crystal having a composition of formula
ASr 1−x Eu x I 3 ,
A 3 Sr 1−x Eu x I 5 , or
ASr 2(1−x) Eu 2x I 5 .
3. The scintillator material of claim 2 , the single crystal having a composition of formula
CsSr 1−x Eu x I 3 ,
Cs 3 Sr 1−x Eu x I 5 , or
CsSr 2(1−x) Eu 2x I 5 .
4. The scintillator material of claim 3 , having a light output of at least about four times that of BGO when excited with a gamma-ray of 662 keV.
5. The scintillator material of claim 4 , having a light output of at least about eight times that of BGO when excited with a gamma-ray of 662 keV.
6. The scintillator material of claim 5 , having a light output of at least about twelve times that of BGO when excited with a gamma-ray of 662 keV.
7. The scintillator material of claim 1 , wherein x is less than or equal to, about 0.1.
8. A radiation detector, comprising:
a scintillator material of claim 1 adapted to generate photons in response to an impinging radiation; and
a photon detector optically coupled to the scintillator material, arranged to receive the photons generated by the scintillator material and adapted to generate an electrical signal indicative of the photon generation.
9. An imaging method, comprising:
using at least one radiation detector of claim 8 to receive radiation from a plurality of radiation sources distributed in an object to be imaged and generate a plurality of signals indicative of the received radiation; and
based on the plurality of signals, deriving a special distribution of an attribute of the object.
10. A method of making a scintillator material, the method comprising:
synthesizing a compound having a composition of the formula
AM 1−x Eu x I 3 ,
A 3 M 1−x Eu x I 5 , or
AM 2(1−x) Eu 2x I 5 ,
wherein:
A consists essentially of any alkali metal element or any combination thereof,
M consists essentially of Sr, Ca, Ba or any combination thereof, and
0≦x≦1;
growing a single crystal from the synthesized compound.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the synthesizing step comprises synthesizing a compound having a formula of:
ASr 1−x Eu x I 3 ,
A 3 Sr 1−x Eu x I 5 , or
ASr 2(1−x) Eu 2x I 5 .
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein growing a single crystal comprises growing a single crystal from the synthesized compound using a Vertical Gradient Freeze method.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the synthesizing step comprises heating a mixture of a plurality of iodides above their respective melting temperatures.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the synthesizing step comprises heating a mixture of CsI, SrI 2 and EuI 2 above their respective melting temperatures.