Composite materials, production thereof and use thereof in electrical cells
A composite material comprising a reaction product of (A) at least one organic polymer, (B) sulfur and (C) carbon in a polymorph which comprises at least 60% sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms, and additionally particles or domains which comprise carbon (C) filled with sulfur (B).
1. A process for producing composite materials, which comprises reacting
a. at least one organic polymer,
b. sulfur and
c. carbon in a polymorph which comprises at least 60% sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms,
with one another at temperatures in the range from 200 to 400° C.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said organic polymer is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polybutadiene, polystyrene and copolymers of at least two comonomers selected from ethylene, propylene, styrene, acrylonitrile and 1,3-butadiene.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said organic polymer (A) is a polyacrylonitrile.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said polyacrylonitrile is present after the reaction at least partially in the form of a cyclization product of the formula I
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said carbon is carbon black.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said polyacrylonitrile before the reaction has a mean molecular weight M w , in the range from 50 000 to 250 000 g/mol.
7. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising a binder (D).
8. The process according to claim 1 , which further comprises carbon black which has not been reacted with said polyacrylonitrile and said sulfur.
9. A process for producing composite materials, which comprises reacting
a. at least one organic polymer,
b. sulfur and
c. carbon in a polymorph which comprises at least 60% sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms,
with one another at temperatures in the range from 200 to 400° C.,
wherein in said reacting particles or domains which comprise said carbon filled with said sulfur are formed.
10. The process according to claim 9 , wherein said organic polymer is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polybutadiene, polystyrene and copolymers of at least two comonomers selected from ethylene, propylene, styrene, acrylonitrile and 1,3-butadiene.
11. The composite material process according to claim 9 , wherein said organic polymer is a polyacrylonitrile.
12. The process according to claim 11 , wherein said polyacrylonitrile is present after the reaction at least partially in the form of a cyclization product of the formula I
13. The process according to claim 9 , wherein said carbon is carbon black.
14. The process according to claim 9 , wherein said polyacrylonitrile before the reaction has a mean molecular weight M w in the range from 50 000 to 250 000 g/mol.
15. The process according to claim 9 , further comprising a binder (D).
16. The process according to claim 9 , which further comprises carbon black which has not been reacted with said polyacrylonitrile and said sulfur.