Production of hydrogen, liquid fuels, and chemicals from catalytic processing of bio-oils

1. A method of generating hydrogen from a bio-oil, comprising:

hydrogenating a water-soluble fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst,

reforming the water-soluble fraction by aqueous-phase reforming in the presence of a reforming catalyst, wherein hydrogen is generated by the reforming, and the amount of hydrogen generated is greater than that consumed by the hydrogenating, and

hydrocracking a lignin fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst,

wherein the lignin fraction of bio-oil is obtained as a water-insoluble fraction from aqueous extraction of bio-oil, and

wherein a solvent is added to the lignin fraction.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is an alcohol.

3. A method of generating hydrogen from a bio-oil, comprising:

hydrogenating a water-soluble fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst,

reforming the water-soluble fraction by aqueous-phase reforming in the presence of a reforming catalyst, wherein hydrogen is generated by the reforming, and the amount of hydrogen generated is greater than that consumed by the hydrogenating, and

hydrocracking a lignin fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst, wherein the hydrocracking catalyst is Pt/SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 , and

wherein the lignin fraction of bio-oil is obtained as a water-insoluble fraction from aqueous extraction of bio-oil.

4. A method of generating hydrogen from a bio-oil, comprising:

hydrogenating a water-soluble fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst,

reforming the water-soluble fraction by aqueous-phase reforming in the presence of a reforming catalyst, wherein hydrogen is generated by the reforming, and the amount of hydrogen generated is greater than that consumed by the hydrogenating, and

hydrotreating a lignin fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst,

wherein the lignin fraction of bio-oil is obtained as a water-insoluble fraction from aqueous extraction of bio-oil, wherein a solvent is added to the lignin fraction.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the solvent is an alcohol.

6. A method of generating hydrogen from a bio-oil, comprising:

hydrogenating a water-soluble fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst,

reforming the water-soluble fraction by aqueous-phase reforming in the presence of a reforming catalyst, wherein hydrogen is generated by the reforming, and the amount of hydrogen generated is greater than that consumed by the hydrogenating, and

hydrotreating a lignin fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst, wherein the lignin fraction of bio-oil is obtained as a water-insoluble fraction from aqueous extraction of bio-oil, and wherein the hydrotreating catalyst is Pt/ZrPO 4 .

7. A method of generating hydrogen from a bio-oil, comprising:

hydrogenating a water-soluble fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst,

reforming the water-soluble fraction by aqueous-phase reforming in the presence of a reforming catalyst, and

hydrotreating a lignin fraction of the bio-oil with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst,

wherein hydrogen is generated by the reforming, and the amount of hydrogen generated is greater than that consumed by the hydrogenating;

wherein the lignin fraction of bio-oil is obtained as a water-insoluble fraction from aqueous extraction of bio-oil; and

wherein the hydrotreating catalyst is a Group VII or Group VIII metal supported on niobium phosphate or zirconium phosphate.