Methods and kits for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea
The presently-disclosed subject matter provides methods and kits for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a subject, such as a human child, wherein a biological sample is provided from the subject and the amount of a Urocortin III peptide is determined from the sample. Further provided are methods for diagnosing OSA in a subject wherein the amount of a Urocortin III peptide and one or more peptides selected from a Uromodulin peptide, an Orosomucoid 1 peptide, and a Kallikrein 1 peptide are determined in a biological sample from a subject.
1. A method for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea in a subject, comprising:
(a) providing a biological sample from the subject;
(b) determining an amount in the sample of a Urocortin III peptide;
(c) determining an amount in the sample of a Uromodulin peptide, an Orosomucoid 1 peptide, a Kallikrein 1 peptide, or a combination thereof;
(d) comparing the amount of the Urocortin III peptide in the sample, if present, to a control level of the Urocortin III peptide,
(e) comparing the amount of the Uromodulin peptide, the Orosomucoid 1 peptide, the Kallikrein 1 peptide, or the combination thereof in the sample, if present, to a control level of the Uromodulin peptide, the Orosomucoid 1 peptide, the Kallikrein 1 peptide, or the combination thereof; and
(f) diagnosing the subject as having obstructive sleep apnea, or a risk thereof, if there is a measurable increase in the amount of the Urocortin III peptide and if there is a measurable increase in the amount of the Uromodulin peptide, a measurable increase in the amount of the Orosomucoid 1 peptide, a measurable decrease in the amount of the Kallikrein 1 peptide, or the combination thereof in the sample as compared to the control levels,
wherein determining the amount in the sample of the Urocortin III peptide and the amount in the sample of the Uromodulin peptide, the Orosomucoid 1 peptide, the Kallikrein 1 peptide, or the combination thereof comprises determining the amount in the sample using mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, immunoassay analysis, or both,
wherein the mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is selected from the group consisting of liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS), and
wherein the immunoassay analysis is selected from the group consisting of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunoturbidimetric assay.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample comprises urine, saliva, blood, plasma, or serum.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is human.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the subject is human and under the age of about 9 to about 2 years of age.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of determining an amount in the sample of a Uromodulin peptide, an Orosomucoid 1 peptide, a Kallikrein 1 peptide, or a combination thereof comprises determining an amount in the sample of a Uromodulin peptide, an Orosomucoid 1 peptide, and a Kallikrein 1 peptide.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting a treatment or modifying a treatment for the obstructive sleep apnea based on the determined amount of the Urocortin III peptide.
7. A method for determining whether to initiate or continue prophylaxis or treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in a subject, comprising:
(a) providing a series of biological samples over a time period from the subject;
(b) analyzing the series of biological samples to determine an amount in each of the biological samples of a Urocortin III peptide;
(c) analyzing the series of biological samples to determine an amount in each of the biological samples of a Uromodulin peptide, an Orosomucoid 1 peptide, a Kallikrein 1 peptide, or a combination thereof;
(d) comparing any measurable change in the amounts of the Urocortin III peptide in each of the biological samples;
(e) comparing any measurable change in the amounts of the Uromodulin peptide, the Orosomucoid 1 peptide, the Kallikrein 1 peptide, or the combination thereof in each of the biological samples; and
(f) determining whether to initiate or continue the prophylaxis or therapy of the obstructive sleep apnea based on any measurable changes in the amounts of the Urocortin III peptide in each of the biological samples and any measurable changes in the amounts of the Uromodulin peptide, the Orosomucoid 1 peptide, the Kallikrein 1 peptide, or the combination thereof in each of the biological samples,
wherein analyzing the series of biological samples to determine the amount in each of the biological samples of the Urocortin III peptide and the amount in each of the biological samples of the Uromodulin peptide, the Orosomucoid 1 peptide, the Kallikrein 1 peptide, or the combination thereof comprises determining the amount in the sample using mass spectrometry analysis, immunoassay analysis, or both,
wherein the mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is selected from the group consisting of liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS), and
wherein the immunoassay analysis is selected from the group consisting of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunoturbidimetric assay.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biological sample comprises urine, saliva, blood, plasma, or serum.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the subject is human.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the subject is human and under the age of about 9 to about 2 years of age.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the series of biological samples comprises a first biological sample collected prior to initiation of the prophylaxis or treatment for the obstructive sleep apnea and a second biological sample collected after initiation of the prophylaxis or treatment.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the step of analyzing the series of biological samples to determine an amount in each of the biological samples of a Uromodulin peptide, an Orosomucoid 1 peptide, a Kallikrein 1 peptide, or a combination thereof comprises analyzing the series of biological samples to determine an amount in each of the biological samples of a Uromodulin peptide, an Orosomucoid 1 peptide, and a Kallikrein 1 peptide.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising modifying or prescribing a suitable treatment if the subject is diagnosed as having or at an increased risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea.