Water treatment process, and membrane separation process and water treatment plant suitable therefor
A description is given of a multistage process for treating water, wherein a water stream is purified in a membrane separation stage and a downstream deionization unit having at least one concentrate chamber and at least one diluate chamber, wherein the water stream is separated in the membrane separation device into a concentrate stream and at least two permeate streams of different electrical conductivity, and wherein at least the permeate stream having the highest electrical conductivity is fed at least partially into the at least one concentrate chamber and at least the permeate stream having the lowest electrical conductivity is fed at least partially into the at least one diluate chamber of the downstream deionization unit. In addition, a membrane separation device is described which is constructed in such a manner that at least two permeate streams having different electrical conductivity can be generated therein, and also a water treatment plant, comprising at least one such membrane separation device and at least one deionization unit having at least one concentrate chamber and at least one diluate chamber.
1. A multistage process for treating water comprising:
purifying a water stream in a membrane separation stage and a downstream deionization unit having at least one concentrate chamber and at least one diluate chamber;
separating the water stream in the membrane separation stage with at least two spirally wound membrane modules arranged in a tubular pressure vessel, one behind the other, in an axial direction and successively subjected to incoming flow of the water to be treated into a concentrate stream and at least two permeate streams of different electrical conductivity; and
feeding a) at least the permeate stream having the highest electrical conductivity at least partially into the at least one concentrate chamber and b) at least the permeate stream having the lowest electrical conductivity at least partially into the at least one diluate chamber of the downstream deionization unit.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least two membrane modules are reverse osmosis modules and/or nanofiltration modules.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein concentrate exiting from the deionization unit is at least partially recirculated and added back to the water stream upstream of the membrane separation stage.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the water stream, before it is fed into the membrane separation stage, is partially desalinated and/or softened by at least one ion exchanger.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the permeate stream fed into the at least one concentrate chamber of the deionization unit is adjusted to an electrical conductivity of 5 μS/cm to 500 μS/cm.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the permeate stream fed into the at least one concentrate chamber of the deionization unit is adjusted to an electrical conductivity of 10 μS/cm to 300 μS/cm.