Devices and methods for treatment of myocardial conditions
Provided are devices and methods for treating a subject having a myocardial condition using sub-threshold electrical stimulation.
1. A method for treating a myocardial fibrotic scar in a subject, comprising:
(a) positioning an electrode in or on the myocardial fibrotic scar so that an electrical stimulus can be transmitted selectively to the myocardial fibrotic scar; and
(b) transmitting a sub-threshold electrical stimulus selectively to the myocardial fibrotic scar in order to treat the myocardial fibrotic scar.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is implanted within the subject in overlying registration with the myocardial fibrotic scar or a portion thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is in direct electrical communication with the myocardial fibrotic scar.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sub-threshold electrical stimulus is applied throughout a cardiac cycle.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical stimulus comprises one or more electrical pulse waveforms.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the pulse waveform has a frequency of about 1 Hertz (Hz) or greater.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the pulse waveform comprises a mark and the mark has an amplitude of about 2.0 volts (V) or less.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the pulse waveform comprises a mark and the duration of the mark is about 0.50 milliseconds (ms) or less.
9. A device for treating a myocardial fibrotic scar in a subject, comprising:
(a) a stimulus generator adapted to produce a sub-threshold electrical stimulus for transmission to the myocardial fibrotic scar;
(b) a stimulus electrode in communication with the stimulus generator, wherein the stimulus electrode is adapted to be positioned in or on the myocardial fibrotic scar and to transmit the sub-threshold electrical stimulus selectively to the myocardial fibrotic scar; and
(c) a control unit in communication with the stimulus generator, wherein the control unit is configured to trigger production of the sub-threshold electrical stimulus by the stimulus generator for transmission to and treatment of the myocardial fibrotic scar, wherein the sub-threshold electrical stimulus comprises one or more electrical pulse waveforms comprising a mark with an amplitude of greater than zero with a duration of the mark being less than about 0.50 milliseconds (ms).
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the electrode is positionable in overlying registration with the myocardial fibrotic scar or a portion thereof.
11. The device of 10 , wherein the electrode is positionable in direct electrical contact with the myocardial fibrotic scar.
12. The device of claim 9 , further comprising:
(a) a sensor electrode adapted to be positioned relative to the subject's myocardium to sense electrical activity in the myocardium; and
(b) a sensor unit in communication with the sensor electrode, wherein the sensor unit is configured to process electrical signals sensed by the sensor electrode.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein the sensor unit is in communication with the control unit and wherein the control unit is configured to trigger production of the sub-threshold electrical stimulus based on a predetermined characteristic of the sensed electrical activity of the myocardium.
14. The device of claim 12 , wherein the sensor unit is in communication with the control unit and wherein the control unit is configured to refrain from triggering production of the sub-threshold electrical stimulus based on a predetermined characteristic of the sensed electrical activity of the myocardium.
15. The device of claim 9 , further comprising:
(a) a pacing generator adapted to produce a supra-threshold electrical stimulus for transmission to a portion of subject's myocardium; and
(b) a pacing electrode in communication with the pacing generator, wherein the pacing electrode is adapted to be positioned relative to the subject's myocardium to transmit the supra-threshold electrical stimulus to the subject's myocardium to pace the subject's heart.
16. The device of claim 15 , wherein the pacing generator is in communication with the control unit and wherein the control unit is configured to trigger production of the supra-threshold electrical stimulus by the pacing generator for transmission to and pacing of the subject's myocardium.
17. The device of claim 9 , further comprising:
(a) a defibrillator generator adapted to produce a defibrillating electrical stimulus for transmission to a portion of subject's myocardium; and
(b) a defibrillator electrode in communication with the defibrillator generator, wherein the defibrillator electrode is adapted to be positioned relative to the subject's myocardium to transmit the defibrillating electrical stimulus to the subject's myocardium to pace the subject's heart.
18. The device of claim 9 , wherein the stimulus generator is configured to produce the sub-threshold electrical stimulus throughout a cardiac cycle.
19. The device of claim 9 , wherein the stimulus generator is configured to produce a pulse waveform having a frequency of about 1 Hertz (Hz) or greater.
20. The device of claim 9 , wherein the stimulus generator is configured to produce a pulse waveform comprising a mark having an amplitude of about 2.0 volt (V) or less.