Antimicrobial material
The invention relates to a method for preparing antimicrobial material. The method comprises heating material comprising wood or bark or material derived therefrom, under conditions sufficient to render the material antimicrobial. The invention also relates to antimicrobial materials prepared by such methods, and to various uses of the antimicrobial materials, for example in reducing microbial activity in animal bedding, such as that which is used in poultry farming.
1. A method for preparing antimicrobial material, the method comprising heating precursor material comprising wood or bark or material derived therefrom to a temperature between 110° C. and 200° C. for at least 1.5 hours, wherein the wood or bark is selected from the group consisting of pine ( Pinus spp), Spruce ( Picea spp), Cedar ( Juniperus spp), Beech ( Fagus spp), Birch ( Betula spp), Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus spp), Oak ( Quercus spp) and Ash ( Fraxinus spp).
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the precursor material is derived from the Pinaceae family.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the precursor material is exposed to a temperature of between 110° C. and 175° C.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the precursor material is exposed to a temperature of between 110° C. and 150° C.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein, before the heating step, the method comprises a step of processing the precursor material into small particles.
6. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the processing step comprises grinding the precursor material into a powder, or obtaining shavings or preparing a pulp.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the precursor material has a mean particle size of less than 2 mm.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises a step of encasing the wood- or bark-derived precursor material in a layer of material, which contains the wood- or bark-derived precursor material as it is exposed to the heat-treatment step.
9. A method of preventing, combating or treating a microbial, bacterial or fungal infection, comprising:
preparing antimicrobial material according to the method of claim 1 ;
applying the antimicrobial material to an environment in which the microbial, bacterial or fungal infection is to be prevented, combated or treated.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein said Pinus genus is Pinus sylvestris or Pinus nigra.
11. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the precursor material is exposed to a temperature of less than 150° C.
12. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the precursor material is exposed to the treatment temperature for at least 5 hours.
13. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the precursor material is exposed to the treatment temperature for at least 24 hours.
14. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the precursor material has a mean particle size of less than 1 mm.
15. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the precursor material has a mean particle size of less than 0.5 mm.
16. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the environment is selected from the group consisting of an animal's bedding, soil where plants are grown, food packaging, and a receptacle or container.