Carbon nanotube composite structures and methods of manufacturing the same
A current conductor for an electrochemical power device that includes an array of carbon nanotubes (CNT) anchored in a carbon nanotube metal composite layer and a structure that may incorporate nanoscale particles or thin film onto the current conductor is described. Additionally, a process for creating the structure using electrochemical plating of the metal layer onto the CNT array followed by separation of the structure from the substrate is provided. Another process includes creating the structure using co-electrodeposition of the CNT and metal from an electroplating bath using surfactants, physical energy, and a magnetic and/or electric field to orient the CNT and enhance the CNT density in the composite.
1. A lithium ion battery, comprising:
a current collector structure having:
an array of carbon nanotubes; and
a conductive carbon nanotube metal composite layer, wherein each of the carbon nanotubes is anchored below a surface of the composite layer and extends primarily perpendicularly away from the surface of the composite layer and into an electrolyte solution.
2. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the array of carbon nanotubes provide connection points for the current collector structure.
3. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the anchored array of carbon nanotubes reduce delamination of the current collector structure.
4. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the current collector structure forms an anode and comprises copper and silicon or tin based materials, and further comprising a cathode structure comprising aluminum and lithium metal oxide.
5. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the array of carbon nanotubes extend from within the conductive carbon nanotube metal composite layer seamlessly.
6. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the conductive composite layer comprises a carbon-metal composite material.
7. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes extend from a first side and a second side of the composite layer.
8. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the array of carbon nanotubes extending from the composite layer is aligned in a common direction.
9. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the array of carbon nanotubes extending from the composite layer is more aligned in a common direction than a portion of the array of carbon nanotubes anchored in the composite layer.
10. The structure of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the array of carbon nanotubes anchored in the composite layer is not aligned.
11. The structure of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the array of carbon nanotubes anchored in the composite layer is tangled within the composite layer.
12. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes comprise multi-walled tubes.