Gas adsorption material

1. A gas adsorption material comprising:

(i) a porous metal-organic framework including:

(a) a plurality of metal clusters, each metal cluster including one or more metal ions, and

(b) a plurality of charged multidentate linking ligands connecting adjacent metal clusters; and

(ii) a plurality of functionalized fullerenes or fullerides provided in the pores of the metal-organic framework.

2. A gas adsorption material of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized fullerenes or fullerides are decorated with one or more metals selected from magnesium, aluminium, lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, calcium and transition metals.

3. A gas adsorption material of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized fullerenes comprise Mg-functionalized C 60 fullerenes.

4. A gas adsorption material of claim 3 , wherein the Mg-functionalised C 60 fullerenes include from about 1 to 10 Mg atoms, preferably ten Mg atoms.

5. A gas adsorption material of claim 1 , wherein each metal cluster comprises two or more metal ions and each ligand of the plurality of multidentate ligand includes two or more carboxylates.

6. A gas adsorption material of claim 1 , wherein the metal ion is selected from the group consisting of Group 1 through 16 metals of the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements including actinides, and lanthanides, and combinations thereof.

7. A gas adsorption material of claim 1 , wherein the metal ion is selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sc 3+ , Y 3+ , Ti 4+ , Zr 4+ , Hf 4+ , V 4+ , V 3+ , V 2+ , Nb 3+ , Ta 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mo 3+ , W 3+ , Mn 3+ , Mn 2+ , Re 3+ , Re 2+ , Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , Ru 3+ , Ru 2+ , Os 3+ , Os 2+ , Co 3+ , Co 2+ , Rh 2+ , Rh + , Ir 2+ , Ir + , Ni 2+ , Ni + , Pd 2+ , Pd + , Pt 2+ , Pt + , Cu 2+ , Cu + , Ag + , Au + , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ , B 3+ , B 5+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , In 3+ , Tl 3+ , Si 4+ , Si 2+ , Ge 4+ , Ge 2+ , Sn 4+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 4+ , Pb 2+ , As 5+ , As 3+ , As + , Sb 5+ , Sb 3+ , Sb + , Bi 5+ , Bi 3+ , Bi + , and combinations thereof.

8. A gas adsorption material of claim 1 , wherein the metal cluster has formula M m X n where M is a metal ion, X is selected from the group consisting of Group 14 through Group 17 anions, m is an integer from 1 to 10, and n is a number selected to charge balance the metal cluster so that the metal cluster has a predetermined electric charge.

9. A gas adsorption material of claim 8 , wherein X is selected from the group consisting of O 2″ , N 3″ , and S 2″ .

10. A gas adsorption material of claim 8 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Be 2+ , Ti 4+ , B 3+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , V 2+ , V 3+ , V 4+ , V 5+ , Mn 2+ , Re 2+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Ru 3+ , Ru 2+ , Os 2+ , Co 2+ , Rh 2+ , Ir 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pd 2+ , Pt 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ , Si 2+ , Ge 2+ , Sn 2+ , and Pb 2+ .

11. A gas adsorption material of claim 1 , wherein the multidentate linking ligand has 6 or more atoms that are incorporated in aromatic rings or non-aromatic rings.

12. A gas adsorption material of claim 1 , wherein the multidentate linking ligands comprise a ligand selected from the group consisting of ligands having formulae 1 through 27:

wherein X is hydrogen, —NHR, —N(R) 2 , halides, Ci −10 alkyl, C 6 - is aryl, or C 6 -is aralkyl, —NH 2 , alkenyl, alkynyl, —Oalkyl, —NH(aryl), cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, —(CO)R, —(SO 2 )R, —(CO 2 )R—SH, —S(alkyl), —SO 3 H, —SO 3 ″M + , —COOH, —COO″M + , —PO 3 H 2 —, —PO 3 H″M + , —PO 3 2″ M 2+ , or —PO 3 2″ M 2+ , —NO 2 , —CO 2 H, silyl derivatives; borane derivatives;

and ferrocenes and other metallocenes; M is a metal atom, and R is C 1-10 alkyl.

13. A gas adsorption material of claim 12 , wherein the multidentate linking ligand comprises a ligand having formula 3, or formula 18.

14. A gas adsorption material of claim 1 , wherein the metal- organic framework comprises MOF-177, MOF-5 or IRMOF-8.

15. A gas adsorption material of claim 1 , wherein the gas comprises a component selected from the group consisting of methane, hydrogen, ammonia, argon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and combinations thereof.

16. A gas adsorption material of claim 15 , wherein the gas is one or more of hydrogen, methane or carbon dioxide.

17. A gas adsorption material of claim 1 , wherein the metal-organic framework has pore radii of between 10 and 20 Å, preferably from 13 to 21 Å.

18. A gas adsorption material of claim 15 , for adsorbing methane, wherein the metal-organic framework has pore radii from 17-21 Å; or hydrogen, wherein the metal-organic framework has pore radii from 13-16 Å.

19. A gas adsorption material of claim 1 , wherein said material is used for at least one of gas storage and/or release, gas separation or gas cleaning.

20. A gas storage system comprising:

a container having a storage cavity;

a gas storage material according to claim 1 positioned within

and filling at least a portion of the container.