Ceramic scintillator body and scintillation device
A ceramic scintillator body includes a polycrystalline ceramic scintillating material having a substantially cubic crystallographic structure. The polycrystalline ceramic scintillating material has a chemical composition represented by a general formula LU (2-x) Gd x O 3 :Ac, where x is greater than zero and less than two, and where Ac is an activator.
1. A scintillation device comprising a ceramic scintillator body that includes a polycrystalline ceramic scintillating material having a substantially cubic crystallographic structure, the polycrystalline ceramic scintillating material having a chemical composition represented by a general formula Lu (2-X) Gd x O 3 :Ac, Me, wherein:
x is greater than zero and less than two,
Ac is an activator including cerium or samarium, and
Me is a co-dopant that is different from the activator and includes calcium, zirconium, cerium terbium, or praseodymium.
2. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein the activator is cerium.
3. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein the activator is samarium.
4. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein the activator comprises less than or equal to ten percent (10%) of the polycrystalline ceramic scintillating material based on molar percentage.
5. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein the co-dopant comprises calcium.
6. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein the co-dopant comprises zirconium.
7. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein the co-dopant comprises at least one of cerium, terbium, or praseodymium.
8. The scintillation device, of claim 1 , wherein the activator and co-dopant collectively comprise less than or equal to ten percent (10%) of the polycrystalline ceramic scintillating material based on molar percentage.
9. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein x is greater than zero and less than or equal to 1.
10. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein x is greater than 1 and less than 2.
11. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic scintillator body is characterized by an afterglow of less than or equal to approximately 0.01 % at 100 ms.
12. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic scintillator body is characterized by an average emission intensity of greater than or equal to 40,000 ph/MeV at emission wavelengths of from approximately 410 nm to approximately 620 nm.
13. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic scintillator body is characterized by a maximum emission peak of approximately 610 nm.
14. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein the polycrystalline ceramic scintillating material is characterized by a grain size of from approximately 1 μm to approximately 100 μm.
15. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic scintillator body is characterized by a density of greater than or equal to 99.9% of theoretical density.
16. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic scintillator body is characterized by an optical transmittance of greater than fifty percent (50%) total transmission at a scintillator body thickness that stops greater than 98% of x-ray radiation at a wavelength of maximum emission.
17. The scintillation device of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic scintillator body is characterized by a decay time of less than or equal to 1 ms.
18. A scintillation device comprising a ceramic scintillator body that includes a polycrystalline ceramic scintillating material having a substantially cubic crystallographic structure, the polycrystalline ceramic scintillating material having a chemical composition represented by a general formula Lu (2-x) Gd x O 3 :Ac,Me, wherein:
x is greater than zero and less than two,
Ac is an activator comprising a rare earth element, and
Me is a co-dopant including cerium, wherein the activator is different from the co-dopant.
19. The scintillator device of claim 18 , wherein the activator comprises europium, praseodymium, samarium, terbium, or ytterbium.
20. The scintillator device of claim 19 , wherein the ceramic scintillator body is characterized by an afterglow of less than or equal to approximately 0.01% at 100 ms.